A descriptive investigation of the ultrastructure of fibrin networks in thrombo-embolic ischemic stroke

Abstract

Stroke is one of the leading causes of death worldwide. Formation of a fibrin clot is controlled by a group of tightly regulated plasma proteases and cofactors and a change in the fibrin fiber formation causes an alteration in clot morphology. This plays an important role during thrombotic events. In the current study we investigated the ultrastructure of fibrin networks from fifteen ischemic stroke patients by using scanning electron microscopy. Clot morphology was investigated with and without the addition of human thrombin to the platelet rich plasma. Previously it was shown that, when studying the ultrastructure of fibrin networks, the addition of thrombin is necessary to form an expansive, fully coagulated layer of fibers. Results from the addition of thrombin to the plasma showed thick, matted fibrin fibers and a net covering some of the major fibers in stroke patients. Typical control morphology with major thick fibers and minor thin fibers could be seen in some areas in the stroke patients. In stroke patients, without the addition of thrombin, a matted fibrin network still formed, indicating that the factors responsible for the abnormal fibrin morphology are present in the circulating plasma and is the cause of the observed matted, layered morphology. This is not present in healthy individuals. From the results obtained we suggest that this changed morphology might be useful in a screening regime to identify the possibility of a stroke or even to follow the progress of stroke patients after treatment.