Abstract
Most of the existing node depth-adjustment deployment algorithms for underwater wireless sensor networks (UWSNs) just consider how to optimize network coverage and connectivity rate. However, these literatures don’t discuss full network connectivity, while optimization of network energy efficiency and network reliability are vital topics for UWSN deployment. Therefore, in this study, a depth-adjustment deployment algorithm based on two-dimensional (2D) convex hull and spanning tree (NDACS) for UWSNs is proposed. First, the proposed algorithm uses the geometric characteristics of a 2D convex hull and empty circle to find the optimal location of a sleep node and activate it, minimizes the network coverage overlaps of the 2D plane, and then increases the coverage rate until the first layer coverage threshold is reached. Second, the sink node acts as a root node of all active nodes on the 2D convex hull and then forms a small spanning tree gradually. Finally, the depth-adjustment strategy based on time marker is used to achieve the three-dimensional overall network deployment. Compared with existing depth-adjustment deployment algorithms, the simulation results show that the NDACS algorithm can maintain full network connectivity with high network coverage rate, as well as improved network average node degree, thus increasing network reliability.
Highlights
Underwater wireless sensor networks (UWSNs) are an aquatic environment monitoring network system that consists of many nodes with data acquisition, storage, processing, and wireless acoustic transmission features
As a technology extension of terrestrial wireless sensor networks (TWSNs) [5,6] to aquatic environments, underwater wireless sensor networks (UWSNs) inherit some characteristics of TWSNs, due to the special application environment and underwater acoustic communication model of UWSNs, they ordinarily bring some new characteristics, namely, their network structure, which is distributed in three dimensions, high latency of acoustic signal, limited bandwidth of communication, high transmission bit-error-rates, constrained movement of nodes, very limited energy, and others [1,7,8]
The deployment issues mentioned above, considering the above-proposed deployment algorithms of UWSNs based on computational geometry consisting of vertical movement deployment strategy, the Voronoi-based depth-adjustment algorithm (VBDA) cannot improve network coverage performance while ensuring full network connectivity
Summary
Underwater wireless sensor networks (UWSNs) are an aquatic environment monitoring network system that consists of many nodes with data acquisition, storage, processing, and wireless acoustic transmission features. Among existing vertical movement deployments, the deployment strategy based on graph theory in the underwater node deployment is widely used This algorithm adopts relevant concepts (graph coloring problem or connected dominating set) of graph theory to adjust the depth of nodes through the depth-adjustment to reduce redundant coverage, completing the overall 3D coverage. The VBDA is first proposed based on the Vonoroi deployment strategy for UWSNs. Through the vertical depth adjustment of the nodes to reduce the network coverage redundancy, the 3D network coverage is increased. The deployment issues mentioned above, considering the above-proposed deployment algorithms of UWSNs based on computational geometry consisting of vertical movement deployment strategy, the VBDA cannot improve network coverage performance while ensuring full network connectivity.
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