A dependence of the obesity prevalence on the consumption structure for the main food groups in the population of the Russian Federation and the city of Moscow

Abstract

Introduction. Obesity is a risk factor for a number of non-communicable diseases that cause premature mortality in the population, including cardiovascular diseases, diabetes mellitus and some cancers. Obesity is associated with a wide range of concomitant diseases and pathological conditions, psychological problems, and a decrease in the quality of life and work capacity. High-calorie, high-fat, predominantly animal-based diets, high salt and sugar content, and inadequate intake of fruits and vegetables are associated with an increased risk of obesity. While healthy nutrition plays an important role in preventing the development of non-communicable diseases, including obesity, in increasing the duration and quality of life of the population. Objectives. To analyze the relationship between obesity incidence rates and the dynamics of consumption of the main food groups in households of the Russian Federation and the city of Moscow. Materials and methods. Analysis of data from statistical studies by Rosstat on the consumption of basic food products for the period 2016–2020 and information on the number of obesity diseases (E66) according to the FSN form No. 12 "Information on the number of diseases registered by patients living in the service area of a medical organization" according to data from medical organizations in Moscow and the Russian Federation for the same period. Results. In the Russian Federation, from 2016 to 2020, there is an insufficient consumption of vegetables and melons, an insufficient consumption of fruits and berries, although there is an increase in consumption from 72.7 to 77.1 kg per year. Sugar and confectionery consumption is excessive, with a slight downward trend from 32 to 31.1 kg. In the city of Moscow, there is also an insufficient consumption of vegetables and melons. Consumption of fruits and berries is insufficient, but with a pronounced tendency to increase from 71 to 88.2 kg per year. The consumption of sugar and confectionery products is excessive, with a tendency to increase in consumption from 23.4 to 26.1 kg. According to the dynamics of the number of obesity diseases in the Russian Federation, the number of registered patients over the age of 14 years from 2016 to 2019 increased from 2,122,302 to 2,581,717 people, in 2020 there is a decrease to 2,207,386. The corresponding data for Moscow are 71,250 people in 2016 and increase to 88,634 in 2019, but in 2020 there is a decrease in the number of obese patients to 86,519 people. Conclusion. The insufficient consumption of fruits and vegetables, excessive consumption of sugar and confectionery products both in the Russian Federation and in the city of Moscow act as a risk factors for obesity.