Abstract
Despite its importance as a key parameter of child health and development, growth velocity is difficult to determine in real timebecause skeletal growth is slowand clinical tools to accurately detect very small increments of growth do not exist. We report discovery of a marker for skeletal growth in infants and children. The intact trimeric noncollagenous 1 (NC1) domain of type X collagen, the markerwe designated as CXMfor Collagen X Marker, is a degradation by-product of endochondral ossification that is released into the circulation in proportion to overall growth plate activity. Thismarker corresponds to the rate of linear bone growth at timeofmeasurement. Serumconcentrations of CXMplotted against age showa pattern similar to well-established height growth velocity curves and correlate with height growth velocity calculated from incremental height measurements in this study. The CXM marker is stable once collected and can be accurately assayed in serum, plasma, and dried blood spots. CXMtestingmay be useful for monitoring growth in the pediatric population, especially responses of infants and children with genetic and acquired growth disorders to interventions that target the underlying growth disturbances. The utility of CXM may potentially extend to managing other conditions such as fracture healing, scoliosis, arthritis, or cancer.
Highlights
IntroductionIt typically refers to the skeletal growth measured in infants as body length and as height in children and adolescents
Growth is an integral component of human development
Nature and identification of marker Type X collagen is a homotrimeric protein with noncollagenous amine and carboxy termini (NC2 and noncollagenous 1 (NC1) regions, respectively) connected by a triple helical collagenous domain (Fig. 1)
Summary
It typically refers to the skeletal growth measured in infants as body length and as height in children and adolescents. It reflects the dynamic process of endochondral ossification that occurs in growth plates that reside in all bones that contribute to increasing length and height [1–4]. Typically endocrine disorders, affect growth by affecting hormones and growth factors that regulate bone growth [6, 7]. Another large group of childhood growth disorders, the skeletal dysplasias, reflect genetic disturbances in the bone growth machinery [2, 8]
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