Abstract
High-rise buildings subjected to lateral loads such as wind and earthquake loads must be checked not to exceed the limits on the maximum lateral displacement or the maximum inter-story drift ratios. In this paper, a sensing model for deformed shapes of a building structure in motion is presented. The deformed shape sensing model based on a 2D scanner consists of five modules: (1) module for acquiring coordinate information of a point in a building; (2) module for coordinate transformation and data arrangement for generation of time history of the point; (3) module for smoothing by adjacent averaging technique; (4) module for generation of the displacement history for each story and deformed shape of a building, and (5) module for evaluation of the serviceability of a building. The feasibility of the sensing model based on a 2D laser scanner is tested through free vibration tests of a three-story steel frame structure with a relatively high slenderness ratio of 5.0. Free vibration responses measured from both laser displacement sensors and a 2D laser scanner are compared. In the experimentation, the deformed shapes were obtained from three different methods: the model based on the 2D laser scanner, the direct measurement based on laser displacement sensors, and the numerical method using acceleration data and the displacements from GPS. As a result, it is confirmed that the deformed shape measurement model based on a 2D laser scanner can be a promising alternative for high-rise buildings where installation of laser displacement sensors is impossible.
Highlights
The structural responses of tall buildings are different in reality from the values calculated from structural analysis at the design stage due to various causes including assumptions in structural modeling for analysis, differences between design drawings and actual work, and changes in service loads
Even though there are many issues to be considered for improvement in precision of measurement, the deformed shape measurement model based on a 2D laser scanner can be a promising alternative for high-rise buildings where installation of laser displacement sensors is impossible
In case of a high-rise building subjected to lateral loads such as wind and earthquake loads, monitoring of deformed shapes is necessary to check the serviceability of the building since excessive lateral displacement or inter-story drift ratios can cause structural problems as well as other diverse problems on non-structural elements
Summary
The structural responses of tall buildings are different in reality from the values calculated from structural analysis at the design stage due to various causes including assumptions in structural modeling for analysis, differences between design drawings and actual work, and changes in service loads. Excessive lateral displacement or inter-story drift ratios can cause structural problems as well as other diverse problems on non-structural elements such as damages to finishing materials, while excessive horizontal acceleration level can bring feelings of unpleasantness to building occupants. For these reasons various researches have been conducted on methods of measuring the structural responses of high-rise buildings [1,2,3,4,5,6,7]. Dynamic properties of the three-story steel frame structure obtained both from accelerometers and the proposed model are compared
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