Abstract
This paper presents a deep learning-driven portable, accurate, low-cost, and easy-to-use device to perform Reverse-Transcription Loop-Mediated Isothermal Amplification (RT-LAMP) to facilitate rapid detection of COVID-19. The 3D-printed device—powered using only a 5 Volt AC-DC adapter—can perform 16 simultaneous RT-LAMP reactions and can be used multiple times. Moreover, the experimental protocol is devised to obviate the need for separate, expensive equipment for RNA extraction in addition to eliminating sample evaporation. The entire process from sample preparation to the qualitative assessment of the LAMP amplification takes only 45 min (10 min for pre-heating and 35 min for RT-LAMP reactions). The completion of the amplification reaction yields a fuchsia color for the negative samples and either a yellow or orange color for the positive samples, based on a pH indicator dye. The device is coupled with a novel deep learning system that automatically analyzes the amplification results and pays attention to the pH indicator dye to screen the COVID-19 subjects. The proposed device has been rigorously tested on 250 RT-LAMP clinical samples, where it achieved an overall specificity and sensitivity of 0.9666 and 0.9722, respectively with a recall of 0.9892 for Ct < 30. Also, the proposed system can be widely used as an accurate, sensitive, rapid, and portable tool to detect COVID–19 in settings where access to a lab is difficult, or the results are urgently required.
Highlights
This paper presents a deep learning-driven portable, accurate, low-cost, and easy-to-use device to perform Reverse-Transcription Loop-Mediated Isothermal Amplification (RT-loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP)) to facilitate rapid detection of COVID-19
This section showcases the comparison of the proposed system with state-of-the-art deep learning models to perform COVID-19 screening
We can observe here that the COVID-19 screening performance of all the models are similar. This indicates that the Reverse-Transcription Loop-Mediated Isothermal Amplification (RT-LAMP) output sample serves as a good modality to effectively screen COVID-19 via. deep learning
Summary
This paper presents a deep learning-driven portable, accurate, low-cost, and easy-to-use device to perform Reverse-Transcription Loop-Mediated Isothermal Amplification (RT-LAMP) to facilitate rapid detection of COVID-19. The completion of the amplification reaction yields a fuchsia color for the negative samples and either a yellow or orange color for the positive samples, based on a pH indicator dye. The device is coupled with a novel deep learning system that automatically analyzes the amplification results and pays attention to the pH indicator dye to screen the COVID-19 subjects. In December 2019, a novel coronavirus emerged in Wuhan, China, later dubbed “severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2” (SARS-CoV-2). The SARS-CoV-2 is responsible for causing an acute respiratory disease called the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). The major symptoms of COVID-19 are strikingly similar to the previous respiratory diseases, such as SARS and MERS. The report further states that almost 40% of the infected patients never show any symptoms (asymptomatic)[5], making the detection of COVID-19 an extremely daunting task
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