Abstract
In this study, an in situ deep eutectic solvent-liquid-liquid microextraction method together with high performance liquid chromatography was developed for the determination of parabens in aqueous sample. The hydrophobic deep eutectic solvent, formed in situ by the DL-menthol and decanoic acid was used as the extraction solvent. Various parameters affecting the extraction efficiency including the composition of deep eutectic solvent, temperature of sample solution, extraction time, solution pH and salt concentration were investigated and optimized. Under the optimum conditions, the linear range of calibration curves was in the range of 3-1000 ng mL-1. The limits of detection and limits of quantification were in the range of 0.6-0.8 and 2.0-2.5 ng mL-1, respectively. The relative standard deviations were less than 7.2% for both intra-day and inter-days analysis. Finally, the proposed method was successfully applied to determine four parabens in environmental water samples with acceptable recoveries.
Highlights
Parabens are a family of alkyl esters of p-hydroxybenzoic acid
An in situ deep eutectic solvents (DESs)-liquid-liquid microextraction (LLME) method was developed to extract parabens in environmental water samples followed by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC)-diode array detector (DAD) analysis
DL-menthol was selected as the hydrogen bond acceptor (HBA) to prepare DESs with 3 different aliphatic acids chosen as hydrogen bond donor (HBD) at different molar ratios
Summary
Parabens are a family of alkyl esters of p-hydroxybenzoic acid. They are commonly used as preservatives to protect daily-use products such as food products, personal care products and pharmaceutical products from bacterial and fungal attack.[1,2] Due to the widespread use of parabens, the removal capacity of wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) is overloaded. A Deep Eutectic Solvent as an Extraction Solvent to Separate and Preconcentrate Parabens in Water Samples J. ILs, DESs own some inimitable features such as low cost, eco-friendly, easy preparation with high purity and biodegradability These novel properties characterize DESs as being different from other solvents used in DLLME and endow the solvents with the potential to extract trace analytes from different matrices. An in situ DES-LLME method was developed to extract parabens in environmental water samples followed by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC)-diode array detector (DAD) analysis. For this purpose, two components of a DES, DL-menthol and decanoic acid, were added to an aqueous sample and heated.
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