Abstract
BackgroundWhether smoking is related to a decreased risk of meningioma in women is still controversial. We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis examining the association between smoking and risk of meningiomas in women.MethodsTwo authors independently performed a systematic literature review in the PubMed, Cochrane Library, and EMBASE databases. We identified case-control and cohort studies quantifying associations between smoking and risk of meningioma in women. A meta-analysis by pooling studies was performed according to the multivariate-adjusted risk estimates and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) preferentially. We further conducted additional subgroup and sensitivity analyses to explore possible explanations of the results.ResultsA total of seven observational studies were included, with a total of 2132 female patients diagnosed with meningiomas. Ever smoking was associated with a significantly reduced risk of meningioma in women, with pooled odds ratio (OR) of 0.83 (95% CI 0.70–0.98). Similar findings were noted for current (OR 0.78, 95% CI 0.66–0.93) and past (OR 0.82, 95% CI 0.71–0.94) smokers. However, considering the areas, the OR of ever smoking was 0.77 (95% CI 0.68–0.87) in three American studies, but 0.99 (95% CI 0.73–1.35) in four studies conducted in other countries.ConclusionsBased on limited epidemiological evidence, a decreased risk of meningioma in women smokers was only observed in American studies rather than studies conducted in other countries.
Highlights
Whether smoking is related to a decreased risk of meningioma in women is still controversial
Intrinsic factors, environmental factors, and other factors are suggested to be possible risk factors for the development of meningiomas [1, 2, 5,6,7]. It is well established from a variety of studies, that smoking is associated with a wide range of tumors, including lung cancer, liver cancer, ovarian cancer, prostate cancer, and others [8,9,10,11,12]
A decreased risk of meningioma in women smokers was only observed in American studies rather than studies conducted in other countries according to the results of subgroup analyses
Summary
Whether smoking is related to a decreased risk of meningioma in women is still controversial. Intrinsic factors (e.g., sex, atopy, ethnic, genetic polymorphisms), environmental factors (e.g., electromagnetic radiation, nutrition, pesticides, hormonal factors, occupation), and other factors (e.g. smoking, drinking, and head trauma) are suggested to be possible risk factors for the development of meningiomas [1, 2, 5,6,7] It is well established from a variety of studies, that smoking is associated with a wide range of tumors, including lung cancer, liver cancer, ovarian cancer, prostate cancer, and others [8,9,10,11,12]. Another updated study found no evidence of an association between smoking and meningioma in women [21]
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