Abstract
Today, sustainability and energy efficiency are of prime importance in satisfaction of thermal and electrical loads of buildings. In this study, innovative hybrid solutions alternative to conventional HVAC systems are investigated. Objective of study is to minimize the payback period and CO2 emissions are main objectives. For conventional HVAC systems two sources of energy, namely natural gas and electricity were considered as the base line. Energy sources for the innovative methods were considered to be solar energy, ground heat and waste heat. Conventional system was considered to be a backup system when innovative energy resources are insufficient. Hourly heating, cooling and electrical power loads of Eser Green Building, which already has LEED Platinum certificate were used for the case study, which aims to further improve the energy and exergy efficiency. In the new algorithm being developed, all power conversion systems were defined in a simple input- output transfer function format. A decision-making algorithm and an ExcelTM-based simulation program were developed and tried with Eser Green Building input data for different renewable energy source and system combination conventional systems, energy sources, and equipment in term of investment, operation and total cost, payback period, and carbon dioxide emission values. Payback period of Eser green building is 11,8 years and for two hybrid systems are 13,2 years and 9,2 years, respectively. Carbon dioxide emissions by hybrid systems under the same load conditions were found to be 488 kgCO2/h and 592 kgCO2/h for approaches, respectively.
Highlights
Nowadays, the heating and domestic hot water loads in buildings are generally satisfied by natural gas
When the innovative system developed is evaluated economically, the investment cost of the traditional method comes from the price paid to the boiler and the vapor compression refrigeration system
Operating costs are neglected in power conversion systems using renewable energy, waste heat and ground temperature in innovative system
Summary
The heating and domestic hot water loads in buildings are generally satisfied by natural gas. Grid electricity is used for cooling either by heat pumps or chillers This method has strong implications on global economic decision-making support algorithm is developed and the shortest payback period and the carbon dioxide emission is minimized. In this context, the main building loads are considered as cooling, heating, electricity and hot water. Zhao et al [4] studied on the tri-generation system and region where the building is located, it is possible to its operation in two different modes of operation, namely diversify the renewable energy sources, and one of the winter and summer. When designing an innovative hybrid system, the energy efficiency of the selected power conversion systems has been taken into consideration and at least 4 months of the year in this regard has been noted to be used
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