Abstract
Growing concern about transportation emissions and energy security has persuaded urban professionals and practitioners to pursue non-motorized urban development. They need an assessment tool to measure the association between the built environment and pedestrians' walking behaviour more accurately. This research has developed a new assessment tool called the Walkable Integrated Neighbourhood Design (WIND) support tool, which interprets the built environment's qualitative variables and pedestrians' perceptual qualities in relation to quantifiable variables. The WIND tool captures and forecasts pedestrians' mind mapping, as well as sequential decision-making during walking, and then analyses the path walkability through a decision-tree- making (DTM) algorithm on both the segment scale and the neighbourhood scale. The WIND tool measures walkability by variables clustered into five features, 11 criteria and 92 subcriteria. The mind-mapping analysis is presented in the form of a 'Walkability DTM-Mind-mapping sheet' for each destination and the overall neighbourhood. The WIND tool is applicable to any neighbourhood cases, although it was applied to the Taman Universiti neighbourhood in Malaysia. The tool's outputs aid urban designers to imply adaptability between the neighbourhood environment and residents' perceptions, preferences and needs.
Highlights
Growing concern about transportation emissions and energy security has led to green urban development policies, strategies and techniques (Mikalsen et al, 2009)
The current study presents the ‘most-in-use’ concept of urban walkability, as the other concept has been presented in other work
According to Park (2008), Coa et al (2006) and Boarnet et al, (2005), changing urban forms cannot change people’s behaviour, but changing urban areas based on people’s attitudes, perceptions and self-selection could ameliorate their behaviour in both travel and walking, which is the duty of urban designers and urban planners
Summary
Growing concern about transportation emissions and energy security has led to green urban development policies, strategies and techniques (Mikalsen et al, 2009). Urban and transportation professionals are trying to change conventional urban design and planning strategies in order to reduce the travel demand as much as possible. The compact city strategy supports the use of non-motorized modes of travel, which can considerably reduce CO2 and other hazardous transportation emissions. The professionals and practitioners of green urban development can persuade people to select walking rather than other available modes. There is a number of studies enabling us to better understand and measure more accurately the association between the built environment and individuals’ walking behaviour, with the goal of CO2 reduction and fuel savings. According to a report by Parsons Brinckerhoff Quade and Douglas Inc. (1993), the pedestrian-oriented environment of Oregon in the US state of Portland could achieve a 10% reduction in vehiclemiles travelled (Leslie et al, 2007)
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