A Decision Support GIS Framework for Establishing Zero-Emission Maritime Networks: The Case of the Greek Coastal Shipping Network

Abstract

Sustainability of maritime operations is a topic widely considered in recent years, as the shipping industry attempts to limit its environmental impact and meet the decarbonization goals set by the International Maritime Organization (IMO). As alternative fuels and newer ship technologies are gaining interest, the shift to more environmentally friendly fleets is quickly becoming a reality. In this context, potential areas for such shifts need to be determined, to expedite decarbonization efforts and provide passengers with a more sustainable way of travel. Greece is an insular country, with a complex coastal shipping network connecting the mainland with the islands and being of paramount importance for their economic growth. Recognizing accessibility and decarbonization needs, this paper examines whether the Greek coastal shipping network (GCSN) can be restructured, by introducing zero-emission sub-networks operated by electric ferries. The aim is to propose a methodological framework for the spatial analysis and evaluation of coastal networks, with the implementation of exploratory spatial data analysis (ESDA) methods and determination of local indicators of spatial association (LISA) with the help of geographic information systems (GIS). The proposed framework provides insight on whether and where such a restructuring is possible, with the introduction of new transshipment port hubs in the islands from which electric ferries could operate, thus determining potential electrification areas with additionally high renewable resource potential. Final conclusions indicate that a potential electrification of certain parts of the GCSN could be possible, while results for GHG emissions reduced by the introduction of electric ferries are calculated.