A decade review of analysis of essential oils from genus Artocarpus: Its phytochemistry and pharmacology

Abstract

Jackfruit fruits are consumed in-natura by the most diverse layers of the population. This fruit has a characteristic aroma that may be associated with a complex chemical composition, in this sense, the purpose of this review is to investigate the essential oil (EO) from Artocarpus species (Artocarpus heterophyllus (AH), Artocarpus altilis (AA), and Artocarpus communis (AC)) for their various bioactivities like antibacterial, antimicrobial, antidiabetic, antioxidant, larvicidal and insecticidal activity, etc. The isolation of different bioactive compounds from various Artocarpus species along with in-vitro antibacterial activities were analysed mostly with disc diffusion tests or with minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) techniques. There are various literature reports wherein Essential Oils (EOs) from Artocarpus species were found to have potent antioxidant capacity when tested with various antioxidant assays. Usually, EOs are determined for their chemical compositions using Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS) and are commonly produced by hydrodistillation in a Clevenger-type apparatus. Antioxidant effects of Artocarpus seed oils are also thought to assist the preservation of good health and serve as a valuable food source of essential fatty acids and are therein used as a treatment for a variety of chronic disorders. However, our review also points out the importance of additional studies that are required to clarify the main underlying mechanisms by which EOs have their pharmacological effects for their in-vivo antioxidant, antimicrobial, antidiabetic and insecticidal activities.