Abstract
Due to growing concerns of global warming, reducing carbon emissions has become one of the major tasks for developing countries to meet the national demand for energy policies. The objective of this study is to measure the energy consumption, carbon emission and economic-environmental efficiency in terms of the environmental performance of the top 20 industrial countries by employing a data envelopment analysis (DEA) model from 2013 to 2017. This study used the trilemma of energy efficiency, CO2 emission efficiency, and environmental efficiency, and also the contribution included the quantitative analysis of 20 industrial countries The results show that the energy efficiency of Australia, China, Japan, Saudi Arabia, and Poland are the best performing countries, whereas Mexico, Indonesia, Russia, and Brazil are identified as least efficient among all 20 countries. Furthermore, Russia’s energy intensity has a maximum score while Poland has a minimum score. Additionally, in the case of CO2 emission efficiency, Brazil, France, and Saudi Arabia are considered as efficient while nine country’s scores were less than 0.5. The results show that most countries exhibit higher performance in economic efficiency than environmental efficiency. The study provides valuable information for energy policy-makers.
Highlights
The pattern of global energy consumption is underway to develop the low carbon energy sources to fleet the national economy
Data for variables openness index and gross domestic product (GDP) per capita is collected from the World Bank indicators (2018) and the openness index is calculated as the ratio of total exports and imports to GDP
Energy consumption and CO2 emission are calculated in millions of tons of oil equivalent (Mtoe), whereas the GDP is measured in 2010 US dollars
Summary
The pattern of global energy consumption is underway to develop the low carbon energy sources to fleet the national economy. There is a challenging issue to keep the global warming up to maximum of 1.5 ◦ C, and the natural resources are finite; simultaneously, the energy consumption is a basic pillar to produce environmental degradation factors to achieve an economic output. Growing concerns about energy consumption, economic output, environmental impacts and considerations of self-sufficient supply of energy security are major drivers of industrialized economies to control their level CO2 emissions and need to control the dependence of oil and gas [1]. According to a recent report by Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC), global warming of the atmosphere and oceans, snow and ice reduction, and sea level rise are mainly related to increased greenhouse gas (GHG). The key drivers of global warming are GHG emissions from transport, fossil fuel consumption, buildings, industry, cement production, land use change
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