Abstract
This paper proposes a day-ahead dispatch framework of thermostatically controlled loads (TCLs) for system peak load reduction. The proposed day-ahead scheduling framework estimates the user’s indoor thermal comfort degree through the building thermal inertia modelling. Based on the thermal comfort estimation, a day-ahead TCL scheduling model is formulated, which consists of 3 stages: ① TCL aggregator estimate their maximal controllable TCL capacities at each scheduling time interval by solving a optimization model; ② the system operator performs the day-ahead system dispatch to determine the load shedding instruction for each aggregator; and ③ the TCL aggregators schedules the ON/OFF control actions of the TCL groups based on the instruction from the system operator. A heuristic based optimization method, history driven differential evolution (HDDE) algorithm, is employed to solve the day-ahead dispatch model of the TCL aggregator side. Simulations are conducted to validate the proposed model.
Highlights
With the development of smart gird, demand side management (DSM) has been considered as an effective mean to improve the energy efficiency and economic operation of the grid [1]
An advanced thermal inertia model is used, which can accurately capture the thermal dynamics of the units; secondly, based on the indoor temperature calculated by the thermal inertia model, a simplified thermal comfort model is used to estimate the residents’ thermal comfort degree
Where Ma and Mw are mass of the air inside of the house and the walls; Tr;init is the initial indoor temperature; SacðkÞ represents the state of the thermostatically controlled loads (TCLs) at time k (0-OFF, 1-ON); Cpw is the heat capacity of the wall
Summary
With the development of smart gird, demand side management (DSM) has been considered as an effective mean to improve the energy efficiency and economic operation of the grid [1]. Reference [11] applied an International Standard Organization (ISO) standard 7730 thermal comfort model [18] into the DLC scheme to design a day-ahead scheduling model for a single residential AC aggregator. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first research to apply the thermal inertia model and simplified thermal comfort model on DLC; 2) A 3-stage day-ahead TCL scheduling model is proposed. The system operator solves a day-ahead dispatch model to determine the load shedding instructions for TCL aggregators.
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