A dataset of dryland ground temperature in typical small watersheds in the hilly areas of Central Sichuan Basin (1997-2021)

Abstract

The underlying surface temperature (i.e. land surface temperature) and soil temperature at different depths are collectively referred to as ground temperature. The variations and variation rules of ground temperature comprehensively depict the exchange of energy and materials between the atmosphere and the land surface. Hence ground temperature is an important parameter for assessing soil thermal conditions. Located in the agro-ecological zone of subtropical Sichuan Basin, Sichuan Yanting Agro-ecosystem Research Station in Chinese National Ecosystem Research Network (also referred to as Yanting Station, code YGA) serves as an experimental observation and research platform of Agro-Ecosystem set by the Chinese Ecosystem Research Network (CERN) and the National Science and Technology Infrastructure Platform in this ecological region. This dataset is based on the long-term automatic station observation data and manual observation data of the comprehensive meteorological observation field of Yanting Station. It consists of four data files, namely, hourly ground temperature data from the automatic observation stations on a daily basis (1997-2021), daily ground temperature statistical data from the automatic observation stations (2004-2021), monthly statistical data of ground temperature from the automatic observation stations (2004-2021) and daily and monthly surface temperature data form the manual observation stations (2004-2021). The data volume is about 8.85 MB. Ground temperature is the networked observation index of field stations. Observation instruments, data acquisition procedures, and data quality control adhere to standardized norms and protocols, ensuring the utmost reliability and comparability of ground temperature data. The accumulation of long time series and multi-level geothermal data can provide scientific data support for the energy and material exchange of ecosystem, the response to environmental change, and the application research of cultivated land quality assessment and food security in the main agricultural areas of the basin.