Abstract
Surgical error and resulting complication have significant patient and economic consequences. Inappropriate exertion of tool-tissue force is a common variable for such error, that can be objectively monitored by sensorized tools. The rich digital output establishes a powerful skill assessment and sharing platform for surgical performance and training. Here we present SmartForceps data app incorporating an Expert Room environment for tracking and analysing the objective performance and surgical finesse through multiple interfaces specific for surgeons and data scientists. The app is enriched by incoming geospatial information, data distribution for engineered features, performance dashboard compared to expert surgeon, and interactive skill prediction and task recognition tools to develop artificial intelligence models. The study launches the concept of democratizing surgical data through a connectivity interface between surgeons with a broad and deep capability of geographic reach through mobile devices with highly interactive infographics and tools for performance monitoring, comparison, and improvement.
Highlights
Surgical error and resulting complication have significant patient and economic consequences
Studies on simulation and live surgery have shown a meaningful relationship between surgical errors and inappropriate use of force contributing to an annual cost of over $17 billion in the USA alone which may be avoided by proper monitoring and feedback m echanisms[2,3,4]
By integrating post-operative performance tracking and intra-operating feedback capabilities, we showed the opportunity in leveraging digital data and Artificial intelligence (AI) for automated and objective performance tracking using surgical devices which can benefit patients by reducing complications and increasing safety
Summary
Surgical error and resulting complication have significant patient and economic consequences. To enhance surgical safety early on, i.e. training phase of surgeons, established methods of surgical evaluation ranges from mandated Accreditation Council for Graduate Medical Education (ACGME) end of surgical rotation written feedback to intra-operative discussions and g uidance[6]. The former has limitations in that the assessment feedback to trainees occur after the rotation and may suffer from observer bias. Subjective surgical skill evaluation including app-based models to rate and provide surgical feedback have been developed, these are off-line methods with no attention to task specificity, dependent on expert surgeon supervision for a high-quality assessment, and prone to bias among evaluators[7,8,9]. Systems of performance evaluation are limited to surveys for qualitative assessments, manual rehabilitation status or performance parameter tracking, and simulation-based training p aradigms[9,18,19,20,21,22]
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