A Dangerous Cat-and-Mouse Game: The North Korean Nuclear Proliferation and the UN Security Council

Abstract

The Security Council’s reaction to the nuclear tests conducted by the Democratic People’s Republic of Korea (DPRK or North Korea) on 6 January and 9 September 2016 and its ballistic missile launch of 7 February 2016 through Resolutions 2270 and 2321 have significantly changed the picture of UN sanctions regime against North Korea and created the most comprehensive, legally-binding, sanctions program imposed against a State since Iraq in the 1990s. While raising questions on their international status, the DPRK’s military provocations have repeatedly challenged the international community. At the moment of finalising the present article, the situation seems more precarious than ever: despite the severity and comprehensiveness of the sanctions regime, the DPKR’s launches of ballistic missiles hit the headlines again and its military aggressiveness does not appear reversed. The article examines this regime against the background of the Council’s past practice and the international rules on non-proliferation, also by discussing legal issues related to the different Pyongyang’s provocations. Ultimately, it seeks to assess the DPRK’s nuclear and ballistic missile tests vis-a-vis relevant international law and to determine the main limitations of the new set of binding obligations placed upon Member States to thwart the ‘North Korean threat’. For, in the final analysis, to succeed sanctions must be capable of coercing their targets into adjusting the particular course of behaviour the Security Council has determined poses a threat to international peace and security, it is submitted that the new sanctions regime is still affected by weaknesses that impair its effectiveness.