A damage model for orthotropic metals

Abstract

The paper describes a ductile damage model for orthotropic metals. The ductile failure of metals is an important phenomena in crashworthiness, impact and shock problems, and therefore must be considered in structural simulations. The model is based on an orthotropic damage matrix which is incorporated in the constitutive equations for stress update and provides degradation of material properties. The evolution of the damage matrix assumes the growth and coalescence of voids. The implementation of the model for both continuum and shell elements is discussed. Finally the model is demonstrated on test problems.