Abstract
We report the design and characterization of a two-photon fluorescence imaging miniature probe. This customized two-axis scanning probe is dedicated for intraoperative two-photon fluorescence imaging endomicroscopic use and is based on a micro-electro-mechanical system (MEMS) mirror with a high reflectivity plate and two-level-ladder double S-shaped electrothermal bimorph actuators. The fully assembled probe has a total outer diameter of 4 mm including all elements. With a two-lens configuration and a small aperture MEMS mirror, this probe can generate a large optical scan angle of 24° with 4 V drive voltage and can achieve a 450 µm FOV with a 2-fps frame rate. A uniform Pixel Dwell Time and a stable scanning speed along a raster pattern were demonstrated while a 57-fs pulse duration of the excitation beam was measured at the exit of the probe head. This miniature imaging probe will be coupled to a two-photon fluorescence endomicroscope oriented towards clinical use.
Highlights
Today, total resection is still the main therapy to deal with brain tumors
To obtain more information about these margins and to confirm the success of the surgery, biopsy samples are extracted for histological analysis, which involves Hematoxylin and Eosin (H&E) staining
We report a homemade Two-Photon Fluorescence (TPF) probe based on a 2D electrothermal micro-electro-mechanical system (MEMS) mirror adapted for in vivo clinical imaging in a clear and a defined medical needs context
Summary
Total resection is still the main therapy to deal with brain tumors. Surgery is considered critical for brain tumor management, where the main challenge is to accurately identify tumor margins to improve its resection outcomes [1]. To obtain more information about these margins and to confirm the success of the surgery, biopsy samples are extracted for histological analysis, which involves Hematoxylin and Eosin (H&E) staining. The results from this post-surgery analysis are only provided several days after to form the absolute diagnosis. Several methods have been transferred to the operating room to resolve the inherent limitation of biopsy-based histology such as functional brain mapping [2] and intra-MRI [3] These intraoperative modalities have not yet reached the reliability and the precision of the standard H&E post-surgery analysis. The label free and superior spatial resolution of TPFM renders it very useful as a non-invasive diagnosis technique for biomedical imaging applications
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