A Customer-Centric Distributed Data-Driven Stochastic Coordination Method for Residential PV and BESS

Abstract

An aggregation scheme is an effective transactive manner of Distributed Energy Resources (DER) spreading across distribution networks. Distributed approach locally achieves cost minimization of an aggregator and customers. The uncertainties of wholesale market price and rooftop PV output will impact on aggregator's scheduling decision and each customer's cost, while solar energy fluctuation can cause an overvoltage problem in distribution networks. However, the probability distributions of these uncertainties always have errors, even in emerging data-based methods. There is no stochastic method using real data with an out-of-sample guarantee suitable for this distributed approach so far to help an aggregator avoid price risk and manage customers' energy against solar energy fluctuation. To address these unsolved issues, we propose a data-driven Wasserstein distributionally robust formulation of the aggregator's agent and customer's agent respectively. The Wasserstein metric is employed to construct the Wasserstein ambiguity set. The mathematical models are then reformulated equivalently to convex programming respectively so that the operating model can be solved by the off-the-shelf solver. To improve the efficiency of the distributed solving framework, an alternating optimization procedure (AOP) process is proposed to overcome the issue caused by binary variables in the alternating direction method of multipliers (ADMM). The proposed operation framework is verified on the modified IEEE 33-bus distribution network and realistic single-feeder LV network.