Abstract
Acute mediastinitis is still among the major causes of high mortality despite advances in antibiotic therapies, intensive care support, and novel diagnostic techniques. Mediastinitis may develop due to esophageal perforation, by a downward spread of neck infection, or after cardiothoracic surgery. While computed tomography is the most preferred imaging technique in diagnosis, broad-spectrum antibiotic therapy and surgical debridement are the mainstay of the treatment. It is essential to combine multiple interventions, such as appropriate antimicrobial prophylaxis, minimization of contamination, elimination of preoperative nasal S. aureus carriage, and the adoption of relevant surgical techniques, to prevent particularly postoperative mediastinitis.
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