A cross-sectional study on knowledge and attitude towards cervical cancer screening methods among women of reproductive age group in an urban area

Abstract

Cervical cancer, a malignant tumour of the cervix, the lowermost part of the uterus, is usually associated with Human Papilloma Virus (HPV) infection. Asymptomatic in early stages, it becomes symptomatic as the disease progresses. Cancer cervix can be prevented with HPV vaccines and regular screening practices like the Pap smear test. Poor awareness, lack of knowledge on risk factors, signs and symptoms and socioeconomic limitations serve as barriers for women to take up cancer screening. This study was done to assess the knowledge and attitude towards cervical cancer screening practices among women. A cross-sectional study was conducted using a self-structured questionnaire among urban women of reproductive age group. Data were recorded, tabulated and analysed. Of the 248 women of the reproductive age group who were interviewed, 63% knew that cervical cancer is a leading cause of death among Indian women. Although 68.5% knew that HPV is the causative organism, only a quarter of them knew about the vaccination schedule. Only 42% of those who were aware of the Pap smear test knew the age at which screening had to be started. In conclusion, most of the participants knew about cervical cancer and its causative organism. However, their knowledge on preventive measures, HPV vaccine and Pap smear test was poor.