A Cross-Sectional Study of Serum Glutathione Peroxidase: An Antioxidative Marker in Chronic Periodontitis and Chronic Kidney Disease.

Plato Palathingal,Libby Thomas,Jaideep Mahendra,Deepak Baby,Sruthi Srinivasan,Shyam S Varma,Akhil Jose,Little Mahendra,Pandapulaykal T Annamalai,Ambily R

doi:10.7759/cureus.22016

Abstract

Background and aim: Oxidative stress as an individual risk for periodontitis and chronic kidney disease (CKD) has been elaborated through various mechanical pathways, yet its role in association with both diseases remains unexplored. Thus, the current study aims in evaluating serum glutathione peroxidase, an oxidative stress marker in CKD patients with periodontitis, and compare it with the healthy controls.Methodology: One hundred and twenty subjects were divided into four groups as control (C=30 subjects), periodontitis and non-CKD patients (CP=30 patients), non-periodontitis and CKD patients (CKD=30 patients), and periodontitis and CKD patients (CKD+CP=30 patients). Demographic variables, periodontal parameters, such as plaque index (PI), gingival index (GI), probing pocket depth (PPD), percentage proportion of sites with probing pocket depth more than 5 mm, clinical attachment loss (CAL), percentage proportion of sites with clinical attachment loss more than 3 mm and serum stress marker, and glutathione peroxidase were compared between the groups and the results were statistically analyzed.Results: The demographic variables did not differ significantly between the groups, except for age. The means PI, GI, PPD, percentage proportion of sites with probing pocket depth more than 5 mm, CAL, percentage proportion of sites with clinical attachment loss were higher in CKD+CP. The glutathione peroxidase was significantly higher in CP group (p=0.001) and significantly correlated with periodontal parameters.Conclusion: The oxidative stress marker glutathione peroxidase was higher in CP, followed by the CKD groups. This could pave a strong link of oxidative stress as a risk factor for chronic periodontitis, as well as chronic kidney disease.

Highlights

Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is a worldwide disease, with Asians displaying a high prevalence compared to other countries that adversely affects the patient’s quality of life which later gets associated with high morbidity and mortality
The means plaque index (PI), gingival index (GI), PPD, percentage proportion of sites with probing pocket depth more than 5 mm, CAL, percentage proportion of sites with clinical attachment loss were higher in chronic kidney disease (CKD)+chronic periodontitis (CP)
Males were found to be predominant in CKD and CKD+CP groups, whereas females were found to be more in C and CP groups

Summary

Introduction

Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is a worldwide disease, with Asians displaying a high prevalence compared to other countries that adversely affects the patient’s quality of life which later gets associated with high morbidity and mortality. Glutathione peroxidase (GPx) is one of the enzymes that play an important role in host defense against oxidative stress in cytosol [3]. Oxidative stress as an individual risk for periodontitis and chronic kidney disease (CKD) has been elaborated through various mechanical pathways, yet its role in association with both diseases remains unexplored. The current study aims in evaluating serum glutathione peroxidase, an oxidative stress marker in CKD patients with periodontitis, and compare it with the healthy controls

Methods

Results

Discussion

Conclusion