Abstract
In this study, we report a cross-linker-based poly(ionic liquid) (PIL) for the sensitive detection of 4-nonylphenol (4-NP). PIL was poly(1,4-butanediyl-3,3′-bis-l-vinylimidazolium dibromide) (poly([V2C4(mim)2]Br2)). Poly([V2C4(mim)2]Br2) was prepared via one-step free-radical polymerization. The poly([V2C4(mim)2]Br2) was characterized by infrared spectroscopy, Raman spectroscopy, thermal gravimetric analyzer and scanning electron microscope. The poly([V2C4(mim)2]Br2) was then drop-cast onto a glassy carbon electrode (GCE) to obtain poly([V2C4(mim)2]Br2)/GCE. In comparison with a bare GCE, poly([V2C4(mim)2]Br2)/GCE exhibited higher peak current responses for [Fe(CN)6]3−/4−, lower charge transfer resistance, and larger effective surface area. While comparing the peak current responses, we found the peak current response for 4-NP using poly([V2C4(mim)2]Br2)/GCE to be 3.6 times higher than a traditional cross-linker ethylene glycol dimethacrylate (EGDMA) based poly(EGDMA) modified GCE. The peak current of poly([V2C4(mim)2]Br2) sensor was linear to 4-NP concentration from 0.05 to 5 μM. The detection limit of 4-NP was obtained as 0.01 μM (S/N = 3). The new PIL based electrochemical sensor also exhibited excellent selectivity, stability, and reusability. Furthermore, the poly([V2C4(mim)2]Br2)/GCE demonstrated good 4-NP detection in environmental water samples.
Highlights
Nonylphenol ethoxylates are widely used for manufacturing various commercial products such as detergents, lubricating oil, paints, pesticides, and emulsifier, etc [1]
In this study, we report a cross-linker-based poly(ionic liquid) (PIL) for the sensitive detection of 4-nonylphenol (4-NP)
While comparing the peak current responses, we found the peak current response for 4-NP using poly([V2C4(mim)2]Br2)/glassy carbon electrode (GCE) to be 3.6 times higher than a traditional cross-linker ethylene glycol dimethacrylate (EGDMA) based poly(EGDMA) modified GCE
Summary
Nonylphenol ethoxylates are widely used for manufacturing various commercial products such as detergents, lubricating oil, paints, pesticides, and emulsifier, etc [1]. PILs are smart materials having the advantages of ILs (enhanced ionic conductivity and high electrochemical stability) combined with excellent processability and good mechanical performances and resulting from the polymeric structure [10,11]. Owing to such unique combination of properties, PILs find applications [12] in diverse fields such as electrochemical supercapacitors [13], catalyst [14], gas adsorption [15], extraction [16,17,18,19], capillary electrochromatography [20], electrochemical sensors [21,22] and fluorescent determination [23]. Apart from selectivity, stability and reproducibility, we applied poly([V2C4(mim)2]Br2) sensor for 4-NP detection in environmental samples
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