A Cross-Linker-Based Poly(Ionic Liquid) for Sensitive Electrochemical Detection of 4-Nonylphenol.

Jian Hu,Longhua Guo,Hailong Wang,Yanbo Zeng,Guobao Zhou,Hao Dai,Yiwen Yang,Lei Li,Xudong Zhu,Ruoyu Chen

doi:10.3390/nano9040513

Jian Hu, Longhua Guo + Show 8 more

Open Access

https://doi.org/10.3390/nano9040513

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Abstract

In this study, we report a cross-linker-based poly(ionic liquid) (PIL) for the sensitive detection of 4-nonylphenol (4-NP). PIL was poly(1,4-butanediyl-3,3′-bis-l-vinylimidazolium dibromide) (poly([V2C4(mim)2]Br2)). Poly([V2C4(mim)2]Br2) was prepared via one-step free-radical polymerization. The poly([V2C4(mim)2]Br2) was characterized by infrared spectroscopy, Raman spectroscopy, thermal gravimetric analyzer and scanning electron microscope. The poly([V2C4(mim)2]Br2) was then drop-cast onto a glassy carbon electrode (GCE) to obtain poly([V2C4(mim)2]Br2)/GCE. In comparison with a bare GCE, poly([V2C4(mim)2]Br2)/GCE exhibited higher peak current responses for [Fe(CN)6]3−/4−, lower charge transfer resistance, and larger effective surface area. While comparing the peak current responses, we found the peak current response for 4-NP using poly([V2C4(mim)2]Br2)/GCE to be 3.6 times higher than a traditional cross-linker ethylene glycol dimethacrylate (EGDMA) based poly(EGDMA) modified GCE. The peak current of poly([V2C4(mim)2]Br2) sensor was linear to 4-NP concentration from 0.05 to 5 μM. The detection limit of 4-NP was obtained as 0.01 μM (S/N = 3). The new PIL based electrochemical sensor also exhibited excellent selectivity, stability, and reusability. Furthermore, the poly([V2C4(mim)2]Br2)/GCE demonstrated good 4-NP detection in environmental water samples.

Highlights

Nonylphenol ethoxylates are widely used for manufacturing various commercial products such as detergents, lubricating oil, paints, pesticides, and emulsifier, etc [1]
In this study, we report a cross-linker-based poly(ionic liquid) (PIL) for the sensitive detection of 4-nonylphenol (4-NP)
While comparing the peak current responses, we found the peak current response for 4-NP using poly([V2C4(mim)2]Br2)/glassy carbon electrode (GCE) to be 3.6 times higher than a traditional cross-linker ethylene glycol dimethacrylate (EGDMA) based poly(EGDMA) modified GCE

Summary

Introduction

Nonylphenol ethoxylates are widely used for manufacturing various commercial products such as detergents, lubricating oil, paints, pesticides, and emulsifier, etc [1]. PILs are smart materials having the advantages of ILs (enhanced ionic conductivity and high electrochemical stability) combined with excellent processability and good mechanical performances and resulting from the polymeric structure [10,11]. Owing to such unique combination of properties, PILs find applications [12] in diverse fields such as electrochemical supercapacitors [13], catalyst [14], gas adsorption [15], extraction [16,17,18,19], capillary electrochromatography [20], electrochemical sensors [21,22] and fluorescent determination [23]. Apart from selectivity, stability and reproducibility, we applied poly([V2C4(mim)2]Br2) sensor for 4-NP detection in environmental samples

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