A cross-sectional study on the analysis of the current situation of depression and anxiety among primary and secondary school students in Urumqi City in 2021: A case study of S district

Objective:To explore the clinical efficacy and safety of Qigong in reducing the self-rating depression scale (SDS) and self-rating anxiety scale (SAS) scores of patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD).Methods:We searched CNKI, Wan fang, Chongqing VIP, China Biology Medicine disc, PubMed, Cochrane Library, and EMBASE for studies published as of Dec 31, 2018. All randomized controlled trials of Qigong in COPD patients, which met the inclusion criteria were included. The Cochrane bias risk assessment tool was used for literature evaluation. RevMan 5.3 software was used for meta-analysis.Results:Six studies (combined n = 415 patients) met the inclusion criteria. Compared with conventional therapy alone, Qigong in combination with conventional therapy significantly improved the following outcome measures: SDS score [mean difference (MD) −3.99, 95% CI (−6.17, −1.82), P < .001, I2 = 69%]; SAS score[MD −4.57, 95% CI (−5.67, −3.48), P < .001, I2 = 15%]; forced expiratory volume in one second/prediction (FEV1% pred) [MD 3.77, 95% CI (0.97,6.58), P < .01, I2 = 0]; forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV1) [MD 0.21, 95% CI (0.13, 0.30), P < .001, I2 = 0%]; forced vital capacity (FVC) [MD 0.28, 95% CI (0.16, 0.40), P < .001, I2 = 0]; 6-minute walk test (6MWT) distance [MD 39.31, 95% CI (18.27, 60.34), P < .001, I2 = 32%]; and St. George's Respiratory Questionnaire (SGRQ) total score [MD −11.42, 95% CI (−21.80, −1.03), P < .05, I2 = 72%].Conclusion:Qigong can improve the SDS and SAS scores of COPD patients, and has auxiliary effects on improving lung function, 6MWT distance, and SGRQ score.

To observe the effect of electroacupuncture (EA) at Shenmen (HT 7) and Sanyinjiao (SP 6) on anxiety and depression in patients with insomnia, and to explore the mechanism of its compatibility effect. Ninety patients of insomnia were randomly divided into a combination group, a Shenmen group and a Sanyinjiao group, 30 cases in each group. In addition, 37 cases with anxiety (12 cases in the combination group, 13 cases in the Shenmen group and 12 cases in the Sanyinjiao group) and 42 cases with depression (14 cases in the combination group, 14 cases in the Shenmen group and 14 cases in the Sanyinjiao group) were identified. The patients in the combination group, Shenmen group and Sanyinjiao group were treated with EA (dilatational wave, frequency of 5 Hz/25 Hz) at Shenmen (HT 7)-Sanyinjiao (SP 6), Shenmen (HT 7) and Sanyinjiao (SP 6), respectively, 30 min each treatment, once a day. The consecutive 5 days of treatments were taken as a course of treatment, and 2 courses of treatment were given. The insomnia severity index (ISI), self-rating anxiety scale (SAS) and self-rating depression scale (SDS) scores were evaluated before and after treatment, and the serum contents of dopamine (DA) and norepinephrine (NE) were measured. Compared before treatment, the ISI, SAS and SDS scores in the three groups were all decreased after treatment (P<0.05), and the ISI score in the combination group was lower than that in the Shenmen group (P<0.05). Among the patients with anxiety, compared before treatment, the ISI, SAS scores and serum contents of DA were all decreased after treatment in the three groups (P<0.05), and the serum contents of NE in the combination group and Shenmen group were decreased after treatment (P<0.05); the SAS score and serum contents of NE in the combination group and Shenmen group as well as the ISI score in the combination group were lower than those in the Sanyinjiao group (P<0.05). Among the patients with depression, compared before treatment, the ISI, SDS scores and serum contents of DA were all decreased after treatment in the three groups (P<0.05), and the serum contents of NE in the combination group and Shenmen group were decreased after treatment (P<0.05); the ISI, SDS scores and serum contents of NE in the combination group as well as SDS score in the Shenmen group were lower than those in the Sanyinjiao group (P<0.05). EA at Shenmen (HT 7) and Sanyinjiao (SP 6) has advantages over EA at Sanyinjiao (SP 6) on improving insomnia, anxiety and depression. Shenmen (HT 7) plays a major role in improving anxiety and depression. Shenmen (HT 7) and Sanyinjiao (SP 6) may play a compatibility effect of regulating consciousness and sleeping by reducing the level of serum NE.

BackgroundInfertility now is a public health concern and is associated with increased psychological distress.MethodsWe enrolled 1247 infertile couples and assessed their anxiety and depression status before and during assisted reproductive technology (ART) treatment using the Self-Rating Anxiety Scale (SAS) and Self-Rating Depression Scale (SDS). The Chi-square or fisher’s exact test was used to analyze the prevalence of anxiety and depression in infertile couples. Multivariate logistical regression was performed to analyze the risk factors for anxiety and depression.ResultsThe prevalence of anxiety was 13.5% and 8.7% (p < 0.05), and that of depression was 9.4% and 7.9% (p = 0.2) in female and male partners, respectively. Female SAS and SDS scores were positively associated with male SAS and SDS scores, respectively (r = 0.52 and r = 0.50, respectively, both p < 0.0001), and were positively associated with their own SDS and SAS scores, respectively (r = 0.63 and r = 0.62, respectively, both p < 0.0001). Their own depression or partners’ anxiety was associated with the anxiety, and their own anxiety or partners’ depression was associated with the depression in infertile couples. No children, unemployment, and low education level were also associated with female anxiety. SAS and SDS scores were significantly decreased during ART treatment.ConclusionsFemales were more vulnerable to having anxiety than males in infertile couples. Anxiety and depression in infertile couples could interact, therefore, anxiety and depression would be simultaneously counseled, and their partners also should be given supportive psychotherapy.Trial registrationIt was an observational study and had no health care interventions on participants. So it was not registrated.

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of using telemedicine to improve the quality of life of parents of infants with congenital heart disease (CHD) surgery after discharge. A prospective randomized controlled study was conducted in a provincial hospital in China from November 2020 to April 2021 to compare the quality of life of parents of infants with CHD surgery after discharge between the WeChat follow-up group and the outpatient follow-up group. A total of 84 patients (42 in each group) and 168 parents (84 in each group) participated in this study. One month after discharge, the Self-Rating Anxiety Scale (SAS) and Self-Rating Depression Scale (SDS) scores of parents in the intervention group were significantly lower than those in the control group (P < 0.05). Compared with the SAS and SDS scores at discharge, the scores of parents in the intervention group were significantly lower at 1month after discharge (P < 0.05), while the scores of parents in the control group were similar at 1month after discharge (P > 0.05). At discharge, in both the intervention group and the control group, the SAS and SDS scores of the mothers were higher than those of the fathers (P < 0.05). One month after discharge, in the control group, the SAS and SDS scores of the mothers were higher than those of the fathers (P < 0.05). One month after discharge, in the intervention group, the SAS and SDS scores of the mothers were similar to those of the fathers (P > 0.05). The comparison of the SAS and SDS scores of parents with different education levels showed that in both the intervention group and control group, the lower the parents' educational levels, the higher their SAS and SDS scores (P < 0.05). One month after discharge, in the control group, the lower the parents' education levels, the higher their SAS and SDS scores (P < 0.05). One month after discharge, in the intervention group, the SAS and SDS scores were similar among parents with different educational levels. The results of the World Health Organization Quality of Life Brief scale showed that the scores of the physiological, psychological, social and environmental fields at 1month after discharge in the intervention group were significantly higher than those in the control group (P < 0.05). Providing health education and medical support to the parents of infants with CHD surgery after discharge via telemedicine can effectively relieve parents' anxiety and depression and improve their quality of life.

Objective: To investigate the psychopathological characteristics in patients with deviation of nasal septum. Methods: Between May 2015 and December 2015, fourty-four patients with deviated nasal septum and 37 patients with vocal cord polyp as control were included in this study. Psychological characteristics were evaluated by a series of questionnaire instruments including symptom checklist-90 (SCL-90), self-rating depression scale (SDS) and self-rating anxiety scale (SAS). Visual analogue scale (VAS) and rhinomanometry through front nostril were used to evaluate nasal symptom. The correlation between psychological characteristics and nasal symptom was evaluated. SPSS 20.0 software was used to analyze the data. Results: The SCL-90 score in nasal septal deviation group was 130.4±48.3. The total score and total average score of SCL-90 had no significant difference between nasal septal deviation group and the Chinese standard or control group(t value was 0.469, 0.112, 1.575, 1.564, respectively, all P>0.05). The scores of somatization, depression and anxiety factors in nasal septal deviation group were higher than control group (t value was 2.380, 2.133, 1.969, respectively, all P<0.05). The proportion of positive patients in these three factors between nasal septal deviation group and control group had significant differences (χ2 value was 11.585, 9.610, 5.429, respectively, all P<0.05). The scores of SDS and SAS in nasal septal deviation group were 46.0±10.6 and 43.0±10.2, which were higher than that in the Chinese standard and control group (t value was 5.342, 6.236, 1.476, 3.013, respectively, all P<0.05). There were 9 patients companying with depression or anxiety (20.5%, 20.5%, respectively) and 5 patients companying with depression and anxiety in nasal septal deviation group (11.4%). There were positive correlation not only between the scores of SDS and the depression factor of SCL-90 but also between the scores of SAS and the anxiety factor of SCL-90 (Z=0.415, P=0.005, Z=0.445, P=0.002, respectively). The scores of SDS and SAS had positive correlation (Z=0.392, P=0.008). The VAS score of nasal obstruction was 6.0±3.2. The rhinomanometry in inspiratory and expiratory phase were (0.202±0.140) kPa·S/cm3 and (0.230±0.161) kPa·S/cm3. Besides the positive correlation between the rhinomanometry in inspiratory phase and SDS (Z=0.332, P=0.045), the psychological scores, including SCL-90 score, depression, anxiety factors score, SAS and SDS, had no correlation with VAS scores and rhinomanometry (r value was -0.030, -0.052, -0.026, 0.107, 0.185, 0.066, 0.160, 0.203, respectively, all P>0.05). Conclusions: High prevalence of depression and anxiety is found in patients with deviation of nasal septum. The SCL-90 score is consistent with SDS and SAS. Besides the positive correlation between the rhinomanometry in inspiratory phase and SDS, the psychological scores (SCL-90 score, depression, anxiety factors score, SAS and SDS) have no correlation with VAS score and rhinomanometry.

Objective To investigate the relationship between coexisting depression and anxiety (CDA) and quality of life of female nurses in general hospitals. Methods Seven hundred and ninety-three female nurses completed Zung’s Self-rating Depression Scale (SDS), Zung’s Self-rating Anxiety Scale (SAS) and the World Health Organization’s Quality of Life Questionnaire-Brief Version (WHOQOL-BREF). According to the cut-off scores of SDS and SAS, all subjects were divided into 4 groups (non-depression and non-anxiety, pure depression, pure anxiety, and CDA). Group differences in SDS, SAS and WHOQOL-BREF scores were compared. Results Of these 4 groups, CDA group had the highest SDS and SAS scores (P<0.001) (SDS scores: (34.3±5.4), (47.1±4.0), (39.4±2.4) and (49.7±4.2)) and the lowest WHOQOL-BREF scores (P≤0.033)(WHOQOL-BREF physical domain scores: (15.6±2.0), (13.8±2.0), (13.6±1.6) and (12.1±2.0)). The corresponding stratification analysis (controlling for confounding factors) showed consistent results. Conclusion CDA nurses have the most severe depressive and anxious symptoms and the worst quality of life, and thus are the key target population of mental health service. Key words: Nurse; Coexisting depression and anxiety; Quality of life

Objective To study the psychological changes and the effect of psychological intervention and to discuss the influence of psychological rehabilitation on carcinoma patients after comprehensive interventional therapy.Methods 100 carcinoma patients were divided into two groups randomly:the psychological intervention group(50 casea) received both psychological intervention therapy and comprehensive intervention therapy;the control group (50 cases) received only comprehensive interventional therapy;Curative effects were assessed with the Symptom Checklist90(SCL-90) ,the Self Rating Depression Scale(SDS) and the Self Rating Anxiety Scale(SAS) for each patient. Results For the psychological intervention group, SCL-90 scores after therapy was significantly lower than that before therapy ( P < 0. 05 ), and were also significantly lower than that ( without anxiety agent) of the control group. The scores of SDS and SAS in post-therapy patients were significantly lower than that of pre-therapy patients in the psychological intervention group. The scores of SDS had no statistical difference between post-therapy patients and pre-therapy patients in the control group. The scores of SAS in post-therapy patients was significantly lower than that of pre-therapy patients in the control group. Both scores of SDS and SAS in the control group were significantly higher than that of the psychological intervention group after therapy. Conclusion Psychological intervention for carcinoma patients after comprehensive interventional therapy played an promotional role in psychological rehabilitation in the community. Key words: Cancer; Interventional therapy; Anxiety; Depression; Community; Psychological intervention

Background The incidence of anxiety and depression symptoms in adolescents is constantly increasing. Although antidepressants can alleviate symptoms to some extent, they also come with side effects and dependency issues. Art color teaching, as an art therapy, provides individuals with a way to express emotions and stress through color and creative activities. Therefore, the study aims to explore the intervention effect of combining antidepressant drugs with art color teaching on improving students’ anxiety and depression symptoms. Methods The study selected 60 students from a certain middle school with anxiety and depression as the research subjects, aged between 15-19 years old. The study randomly divided patients into an experimental group and a control group, with 30 people in each group. The experimental group adopted a fusion intervention method of antidepressant medication combined with art color teaching, while the control group received conventional antidepressant medication treatment intervention. The intervention treatment period for the two groups was 5 months. Before and after the intervention, the Self Rating Depression Scale (SDS) and Self Rating Anxiety Scale (SAS) were used as evaluation tools for adolescents. Results During the treatment period, the SDS and SAS scores of patients in the experimental and control groups are shown in Table 1. According to Table 1, it can be seen that the experimental group showed significant improvement in SDS and SAS scale scores compared to the control group. The SDS score of the experiment before intervention was 56.13 ± 2.326 points, and after intervention, the score decreased to 51.13 ± 2.167 points, with a statistically significant difference between the two (P&amp;lt;0.05). In addition, the SAS score of the experimental group was 52.40 ± 1.352 points before intervention, and the score value decreased to 49.00 ± 1.512 points after intervention, indicating that there was also a statistical difference in SAS score before and after intervention (P&amp;lt;0.05). Based on the comprehensive comparison of the data in Table 1, it can be concluded that the scores of various scales in the experimental group were lower than those in the control group. Discussion The research results indicate that the integrated intervention method of using antidepressants combined with art color teaching has significant intervention and treatment effects on middle school students with depression and anxiety disorders. Compared to traditional drug therapy, combining art color teaching provides a supplementary method of non-drug therapy. This integrated intervention approach can not only improve treatment effectiveness, but also promote the recovery of patients’ social functions, which has important practical significance for improving patients’ quality of life.

To get a better knowledge of the current situation of screen time among primary and secondary school students in all provinces of China from 2016 to 2017. Data was from the China National Nutrition and Health Surveillance of Children and Lactating Women(2016-2017).275 monitoring points were selected from 31 provinces of China by multi-stage stratified cluster random sampling. A total of 280 primary and secondary school students from 2 primary schools, 2 junior middle schools and 1 senior high school were randomly selected from each monitoring point to complete the survey.73629 primary and secondary school students(except grade 9 and grade 12) were included in this study. From 2016 to 2017, the average daily screen time of Chinese primary and secondary school students was(1.65±1.54) hours, M(P25, P75) was 1.29(0.58, 2.21) h. In terms of provinces, the average daily electronic screen time of primary and secondary school students in Beijing, Tianjin, Jilin, Fujian, Guangdong and Hainan is more than 2 hours. In terms of rural and urban areas, the screen time of students in Beijing&apos;s rural and urban areas, Tianjin&apos;s rural areas, Hebei&apos;s urban areas, Liaoning&apos;s rural areas, Jilin&apos;s rural areas, Fujian&apos;s urban areas, Guangdong&apos;s urban areas, Guangxi&apos;s urban areas, Hainan&apos;s rural and urban areas, and Xinjiang&apos;s urban areas all exceeds 2 hours/day. Besides, screen times of rural primary and secondary school students in Beijing(Z=2.62, P&lt;0.01), Tianjin(Z=5.94, P&lt;0.01), Liaoning(Z=11.56, P&lt;0.01), Jilin(Z=-7.59, P&lt;0.01), Shanghai(Z=3.19, P&lt;0.01), Jiangsu(Z=12.00, P&lt;0.01), Zhejiang(Z=-4.80, P&lt;0.01), Anhui(Z=-4.67, P&lt;0.01), Jiangxi(Z=-3.29, P=0.01), and Sichuan(Z=-4.53, P&lt;0.01) are longer than that of urban students. There are urban-rural differences in the average daily electronic screen time and different types of electronic screen time of primary and secondary school students in China&apos;s provinces from 2016 to 2017.

The lifestyles change of children and adolescents during the COVID-19 pandemic due to antipandemic measures can affect their sleep health. Existing studies have used convenient samples and focused on the initial months of the pandemic, leaving a knowledge gap on changes in young people's sleep patterns under the "new normal" under COVID-19. As part of a territory-wide epidemiological study in Hong Kong, this cross-sectional study recruited primary and secondary school students by stratified random sampling. Sleep parameters were collected using the structured diagnostic interview for sleep patterns and disorders. We investigated the pandemic's effects on sleep parameters by comparing data of participants recruited pre-COVID and those recruited during COVID using multivariate regression, adjusting for age, sex, household income, seasonality, and presence of mental disorders, and the moderators and mediators of the effects. Between September 1, 2019 and June 2, 2021, 791 primary and 442 secondary school students were recruited and analyzed. Primary school and secondary school participants assessed before COVID had a longer sleep latency on school days (95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.0-5.2 minutes, adjusted P-value = .010; and 95% CI= 3.9-13.0 minutes, adjusted P-value = .004, respectively) and nonschool days (95% CI = 1.7-7.2 minutes, adjusted P-value = .005; 95% CI = 3.4-13.7 minutes, adjusted P-value = .014, respectively). Low household income was a moderator for later bedtime (adjusted P-value = .032) and later sleep onset (adjusted P-value = .043) during nonschool days among secondary school students. Changes associated with COVID have a widespread and enduring effect on the sleep health of school-aged students in Hong Kong. Household income plays a role in adolescent sleep health resilience, and the impact of antiepidemic measures on the health gaps of the youth should be considered. Chau SWH, Hussain S, Chan SSM, etal. A comparison of sleep-wake patterns among school-age children and adolescents in Hong Kong before and during the COVID-19 pandemic. J Clin Sleep Med. 2023;19(4):749-757.

This paper is used to know about the psychological health situation for middle and primary school students in Xianning City and provide a certain empirical basis for meaningful development of psychological health education and psychological assistance. This paper uses the MHT scale prepared by Bucheng Zhou professor et al. to conduct a test for 1000 students in 7 middle and primary schools in Xianning City. The detection rate of psychological health problem accounts for 1.6% where the positive detection rate of study anxiety ranks first (43.2%). The psychological health situations have much difference in sex (t = -4. 624, P<0. 001), and it’s lower in male students than female ones. There is a significant difference between the psychological health situation for only and non-only children (t = -2. 519, P<0. 01).There is a significant difference on the psychological health situation for primary school, middle school and high school students (F = 11. 3, P<0. 001), and the psychological health situation of primary school students is better than that for middle school students. It can be concluded that the psychological health situation of middle and primary school students in Xianning City is fairly good, and the psychological health situation for male student, only children and primary school student is also fairly good.

Objective To explore the effect of group cognitive-behavior therapy intervention on dysthymic disorders in children and adolescents. Methods From July 2015 to December 2017, 68 cases of children and adolescents treated in Lishui Second People's Hospital were divided into two groups randomly. The study group (34 cases) were treated with group cognitive-behavior therapy, and the control group (34 cases) were treated with selective 5-hydroxytryptamine reuptake blocker (SSRI). The achenbach child behavior check list(CBCL), self-rating depression scale(SDS) and self-rating anxiety scale(SAS) scores of the two groups before and after the intervention were compared. Results Before the intervention, there was no difference in the score of CBCL, SDS and SAS between the study group and the control group (P>0.05). After drug treatment or cognitive-behavior therapy, the social, activity, thinking and aggressive behavior of both groups were obviously improved. The SDS and SAS scores were 43.64±4.86 and 42.27±3.74 in cognitive-behavior therapy group, which had significant difference (P<0.05) compared with pre-intervention score of SDS (82.91±3.95) and SAS (78.61±6.28). The scores of SDS (45.61±8.03) and SAS (44.09±7.04) in treatment group were significantly (P<0.05) decreased compared with those before treatment (84.03±5.11 and 77.30±9.55, respectively). The satisfaction of the study group and control group was 94.1% and 67.6%, respectively, and the difference was significant between the two groups(P<0.05). Conclusion The effect of cognitive-behavior therapy in children and adolescents on reducing the negative emotion is remarkable, which is equivalent to the drug treatment.The cognitive-behavior therapy in children and adolescents can be used as a auxiliary means to treat children's dysthymic disorders in clinical practice. Key words: Cognitive-behavior therapy in groups; Children; Adolescents; Dysthymic disorder

In recent years, the global incidence of thyroid cancer has increased year by year. The purpose of this study is to investigate the post-surgical psychological flexibility and negative feelings of patients with thyroid cancer and their association with quality of life. A total of 82 patients with thyroid cancer were selected. The study utilized the Acceptance and Action Questionnaire 2nd edition (AAQ-II), the Cognitive Fusion Questionnaire (CFQ), and the Meaning in Life Questionnaire-the Presence of Meaning (MLQ-P). By quantifying psychological flexibility, we assessed the patient's experiential avoidance, cognitive fusion, and sense of life meaning. The Self-rating Depression Scale (SDS) and the Self-rating Anxiety Scale (SAS) were employed to evaluate depression and anxiety, respectively. Quality of life was evaluated with the Functional Assessment of Cancer Therapy-General (FACT-G). The mean AAQ-II, CFQ, MLQ-P, SAS, and SDS scores were 20.1±9.2, 27.5±10.7, 23.0±5.7, 47.7±13.3, and 43.3±12.8, respectively. In total, 24.4% and 45.1% of patients had depression and anxiety to some extent, respectively. The AAQ-II and CFQ scores were positively correlated with the SDS and SAS scores, and negatively correlated with the FACT-G score. The MLQ-P score was inversely correlated with the SDS and SAS scores, and was positively correlated with the FACT-G score. Logistic regression analysis indicated that the AAQ-II, CFQ, and MLQ-P were independent risk factors for quality of life. Depression and anxiety are ubiquitous in patients with thyroid cancer following surgery. The psychological flexibility of patients is significantly negatively correlated with depression and anxiety and can dramatically influence quality of life.

Application and Practice of MOOCs in the Teaching of Primary and Middle Schools

Objective To provide the clinical evidences for intervening the depression and anxiety in patients with chronic subdural hematoma, we investigated the incidence and the influencing factors of anxiety and depression in these patients. Methods Self-rating anxiety scale (SAS) and self-rating depression scale (SDS) were used to investigate 100 patients with chronic subdural hematoma in Department of Neurosurgery, Beijing Tian Tan Hospital of Capital Medical University from October 2015 to May 2016 at admission and discharged. Results The score of SAS was (45.16±8.423) and the detection rate of anxiety was 25% on admission; the score of SDS was (38.86±7.906) and the detection rate of anxiety was 29%; the scores of SAS and SDS both were higher than the national norm (t=17.227, 4.891; P<0.05) . The detection rate of anxiety was 10% and the detection rate of depression was 12% at discharged; the scores of SAS (38.86±7.906) and SDS (44.15±6.772) both were also higher than the national norm (t=10.756, 3.047; P<0.05) . Conclusions Patients with chronic subdural hematoma have high detection rates of anxiety and depression, so we should pay sufficient attention. The doctors and nurses should regard the psychological problems when implement diagnosis and treatment of the physical diseases in patients with chronic subdural hematoma, and promptly provide clinical intervention to against anxiety, depression and other psychological problems for promoting the physical and mental health of patients. Key words: Hematoma, subdural, chronic; Anxiety; Depression