Abstract
Objectives: Enuresis or bedwetting is considered to be an underreported ADR of antiepileptic drugs (AEDs). This study assesses the incidence and comparative rate of occurrence of enuresis in children with epilepsy who are on AEDs treatment such as sodium valproate (SV); carbamazepine and levetiracetam (LEV). Methods: The study was conducted with a sample size of 32 patients. Both inpatients and outpatients between the age group >5–18 years of age previously diagnosed with epilepsy that is on monotherapy and polytherapy with SV or carbamazepine or LEV were included in the study. Patients with urinary complications or urogenital abnormalities past 3 months before admission were excluded from the study. Assessment of enuresis was done based on a questionnaire prepared from NICE guidelines and analyzed using SPSS software version 20. Results: Of 44 patients who were included in the study, only 34 came for review. Analysis of the questionnaire showed the occurrence of enuresis in 12 patients. Drugs prescribed versus assessment questions showed potent significance with eight questions; hence the hypothesis that the prescribed drugs can cause enuresis can be taken into consideration. The rate of occurrence of enuresis was analyzed in all the drugs with their respective doses, but the significant values were found only for SV 200 mg. Conclusion: This study shows the possibility of enuresis in LEV and SV treatment with a significant difference in SV. Furthermore, it showed a relation between the duration of treatment and the occurrence of enuresis.
Highlights
Epilepsy is characterized by continuous seizures, which are short episodes of involuntary movement that may involve a part of the body or the entire body and are followed by loss of consciousness and control of bowel or bladder function
Suman and Gosavi [14] in children visiting pediatric OP at tertiary care teaching hospital with complaints of epilepsy and who were prescribed with antiepileptic drugs (AEDs) were evaluated for ADR In that ADRs such as nocturnal enuresis and increased frequency of micturition were observed in 4.4% of patients, especially in VPA therapy
Since antiepileptics are drugs that could not be stopped or which sometimes need to be taken for a long duration till epilepsy relapses the occurrence of enuresis in these situations can be troublesome on both the lives of the child and the parent
Summary
Epilepsy is characterized by continuous seizures, which are short episodes of involuntary movement that may involve a part of the body (partial) or the entire body (generalized) and are followed by loss of consciousness and control of bowel or bladder function. Epilepsy is uniformly distributed around the world. There are no racial, geographical, or social class boundaries. It occurs in both sexes, at all ages, mostly in childhood, adolescence, and increasingly in aging populations. It is considered one of the most common childhood brain disorders. Patients with epilepsy are treated with pharmacotherapy, occasionally with neurosurgical techniques, as well as with psychological and social support. One of the underreported adverse effects of antiepileptic drugs (AEDs) is enuresis [1,2]
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