A Cross Sectional Study on Risk Factors, Smoking and Hypertension of Cardiovascular Diseases among Adult Population in Urban Slum Area, Bhubaneswar, Odisha

Abstract

Introduction: India is experiencing an epidemiological transition from communicable diseases to non communicable with cardiovascular diseases as a leading cause of mortality and morbidity. It has been estimated that by 2020, Cardiovascular disease(CVD) will be the largest cause of disability and death in India, with 2.6 million Indians predicted to die due to CVD. Objectives: 1. To study the prevalence of smoking and hypertension among the adult population of field practice area of Hi-tech Medical College. 2.To find out association between these risk factors with the socio demographic factors of the study populations. Methodology: A cross sectional study was carried out for 4 months from August 2015 to November 2015. A pretested schedule was prepared containing the parameters required to identify the risk factors smoking, hypertension of CVD in the urban field practice area of Hi-tech Medical college, Bhubaneswar. Results: Out of total study participants (681), there were 332 females and 349 males. Prevalence of smoking was found to be 17.5% and that of hypertension was16.4% in my study population. Almost one third of the patients had positive family history for hypertension (35%). Statistically significant (P=0.001)association was found between hypertension with different age groups (hypertension is more common in the age group of 40-50 years in males and 50-60 years in female). Conclusion: Since high prevalence of cardiovascular risk factors was found in the adult population, continuous health awareness activities and health check-up must be required in the study area.