Abstract
BackgroundHypertension is the leading risk factor for cardiovascular disease (CVD), however, the studies on lifestyle and genetic risks in Chinese pilgrims to Hajj was limited. The aim of this study is to examine the prevalence and associated lifestyle and genetic risks for hypertension among Hui Hajj pilgrims in China.MethodsWe performed a cross-sectional analysis of data in 1,465 participants aged 30–70 years who participated in a medical examination for Hui Hajj pilgrims from Gansu province, China in 2017. Multiple logistic regression was used to evaluate the association of potential risk factors with hypertension. Deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) polymorphism was examined at sites in the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS).ResultsThe prevalence of hypertension was 47% among this population. Lifestyle factors such as fried food preference (like vs. dislike: odds ratio [OR]: =1.53, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.13–2.09) and barbecued food preference (like vs. dislike: OR = 1.45, 95% CI: 1.06–1.97) were associated with elevated risk of hypertension among Hui pilgrims. Comparing with Angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) rs4425 AA genotype, TT genotype was associated with hypertension risk (OR = 2.16, 95% CI: 1.17–4.00). Similar results were also observed for ACE rs4437 CC genotype (OR = 1.95, 95% CI: 1.07–3.55), Angiotensin II receptor (ATR) rs129876 AA genotype (OR = 4.10, 95% CI: 2.30–7.32) and Aldosterone synthase (CYP11B2) rs1912 TT genotype (OR = 2.82, 95% CI: 1.57–5.06) genotypes.ConclusionsUnhealthy lifestyle and genetic factors were associated with the prevalence of hypertension in Chinese Hui pilgrims and their interactions were also observed.
Highlights
Hypertension is the leading risk factor for cardiovascular disease (CVD), the studies on lifestyle and genetic risks in Chinese pilgrims to Hajj was limited
More than 150 genes have been linked to hypertension and genetic risk factors appear to vary with time and study population [9, 10], the genes encoding the proteins involved in the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS) consistently appear to be key factors in hypertension
Blood pressure is directly regulated by aldosterone, which is produced by aldosterone synthase (CYP11B2)[13]
Summary
Hypertension is the leading risk factor for cardiovascular disease (CVD), the studies on lifestyle and genetic risks in Chinese pilgrims to Hajj was limited. More than 150 genes have been linked to hypertension and genetic risk factors appear to vary with time and study population [9, 10], the genes encoding the proteins involved in the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS) consistently appear to be key factors in hypertension. Blood pressure is directly regulated by aldosterone, which is produced by aldosterone synthase (CYP11B2)[13]. The susceptibility of these genes may play fundamental roles in the development of hypertension and become the focus of our study
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