Abstract
A cross sectional study of bovine trypanosomosis was conducted in Sayo district of Kellem Wollega zone, Western Oromia Region, during early dry (December, 2016) and early rainy (June, 2017) seasons employing parasitological blood examination and survey of vectors. A total of 860 representative blood samples were collected from randomly selected cattle and examined using standard methods of parasitological examination techniques. Accordingly, the overall prevalence of bovine trypanosomosis was found to be 11.16%. The species of trypanosomes encountered include Trypanosoma congolense (52.10%) followed by T. vivax (32.30%), T. brucei (10.40%) and mixed infection of T. congolense and T. vivax (5.20%). The seasonal prevalence of bovine trypanosomosis was 15.11% and 7.20% in early dry and early rainy seasons, respectively. There was a statistically significant difference (P 0.05) in the prevalence of bovine trypanosomosis between different sex categories. The mean PCV value of trypanosome infected animals was (22.94% ± 0.15%) compared to non infected groups (26.47 ± 0.35%) with statistically significant difference (P<0.05). As part of survey of vectors of bovine trypanosomosis a total of 1575 flies were caught during the study period. The findings encountered revealed that 807 (51.24%), 667 (43.35%) and 101(6.41%) were Stomoxys, Glossina and Tabanus respectively. The apparent density of Glossina, Stomoxys and Tabanus were 4.16, 5.04 and 0.63 f/t/d, respectively. The present study disclosed that despite vector control implementation practices in the study area, bovine trypanosomosis still remain to be a core problem. Therefore, the current control strategies being implemented in the study area should be further assessed and consideration of integrated trypanosomosis and vector control approaches should be instituted.
Highlights
African animal trypanosomosis is a vector-borne disease, which is transmitted biologically by different tsetse flies [1, 2] and mechanically by a number of biting flies of genus diptera [3]
Trypanosoma congolense (52.10%) was the dominant trypanosome species followed by T. vivax (32.30%), T. brucei (10.40%) and mixed infection from T. vivax and T. congolense (5.20%)
The relatively low prevalence of trypanosomosis in this report is related to the vector control intervention practiced in the study area since 2014 by National Tsetse and Trypanosomosis Investigation and Control Center (NTTICC), which includes deploying of impregnated targets and application of delthamethrine pour-on
Summary
African animal trypanosomosis is a vector-borne disease, which is transmitted biologically by different tsetse flies [1, 2] and mechanically by a number of biting flies of genus diptera [3]. African Animal trypanosomosis (AAT) is a major. International Journal of Nutrition and Food Sciences 2018; 7(2): 56-64 constraint to livestock and mixed crop-livestock production in tropical Africa [4]. The distribution of the disease is parallels the distribution of tsetse flies and comprises of an area approximately 10 million Km2 [5] in 37 sub-Saharan countries [6]. Most species of domestic animals are to some degree susceptible to trypanosomosis, but it is of major importance in cattle [7, 8]. The disease is caused by T. vivax, T. congolense and T. b. The disease is caused by T. vivax, T. congolense and T. b. brucei [9, 10]
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