A Cross-Sectional Investigation of the Association between Arterial Stiffness and Depressive Symptoms, Anxiety Symptoms, and Quality of Life

Abstract

Background and Objectives: Previous studies have assessed the association between arterial stiffness and depressive and anxiety symptoms, but the results were inconsistent. We aimed to conduct a cross-sectional study to assess the relationship between arterial stiffness, depressive and anxiety symptoms, and quality of life. Materials and Methods: We analyzed the 2014-2015 Korea Institute of Sport Science Fitness Standards project data. Brachial-ankle pulse wave velocity (baPWV) was measured to assess arterial stiffness. High baPWV was defined as a baPWV higher than 1400 cm/s. Participants completed Beck's depressive symptoms inventory (BDI), Beck's anxiety symptoms inventory (BAI), and the World Health Organization's Quality of Life Questionnaire (WHOQOL-Bref). We performed a logistic regression analysis by adjusting confounding factors and used the inverse probability of treatment weighting (IPTW) method. Results: 1936 participants were included in the analysis (men 43.9%, median age 47). Participants with a high baPWV had higher odds of depressive symptoms compared to those with a normal baPWV (aOR 1.920, 95% CI 1.062-3.472, p = 0.031; IPTW OR 2.637, 95% CI 1.219-5.704, p = 0.014). In addition, baPWV was significantly associated with depressive symptoms in the IPTW model in men but not in women (OR 2.497, 95% CI 1.004-6.207, p = 0.049). High baPWV was not associated with anxiety symptoms in all models, but it was associated with poor QOL in women (OR 4.561, 95% CI 1.465-14.199, p = 0.009). Conclusions: High baPWV was associated with higher odds of depressive symptoms, especially in men. Our study suggests a modest association between arterial stiffness and depressive symptoms in Korean adults.