A Cross Section Study to Determine the Prevalence of Antibodies against HIV Infection among Hepatitis B and C Infected Individuals.

Geane Flores,Lia Lewis-Ximenez,Letícia De P Scalioni,Adilson De Almeida,Juliana Miguel,Moyra Portilho,Elisabeth Lampe,Helena Cruz,Livia Melo Villar,Vanessa Marques

doi:10.3390/ijerph13030314

Geane Flores, Lia Lewis-Ximenez + Show 8 more

Open Access

https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph13030314

Copy DOI

Abstract

(1) Background: There are limited data regarding human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) prevalence among hepatitis B virus (HBV) or hepatitis C virus (HCV) infected individuals. The aim of this cross-sectional study is to determine the prevalence of HBV and HCV infection among HIV individuals; (2) Methods: A total of 409 patients (126 HBV+ and 283 HCV+) referred to the Brazilian Reference Laboratory for Viral Hepatitis from 2010 to 2013 donated serum samples. Anti-HIV, HBsAg, anti-HBc, anti-HBs, anti-HBcIgM, anti-HBe, HBeAg, and anti-HCV antibodies were measured, and anti-HCV positive samples were tested for viral RNA and genotype; (3) Results: The anti-HIV antibody prevalence was 10.31% and 4.59% among HBV+ and HCV+ patients, respectively. The HCV mean (SD) viral load was log 5.14 ± 1.64 IU/mL, and genotype I was most prevalent (163/283). Anti-HBs and anti-HBc were detected in 40% and 26% of HCV+ individuals, respectively. Among the HBV+ population, the presence of anti-HIV antibodies was associated with male gender, marital status (married), tattoo, sexual orientation, sexual practices (oral sex and anal sex), history of sexually transmitted diseases (STDs), history of viral hepatitis treatment, and a sexual partner with hepatitis or HIV. For the HCV+ group, the presence of anti-HIV antibodies was associated with female gender, marital status (married), anal intercourse, previous history of STDs, and number of sexual partners; (4) Conclusion: A high prevalence of anti-HIV antibodies was found among individuals with HBV and HCV, showing the importance of education programmes towards HIV infection among HBV- and HCV-infected individuals.

Highlights

Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), hepatitis B virus (HBV), and hepatitis C virus (HCV) are major public health issues and share parenteral, sexual, and vertical routes as modes of transmission.HBV or HCV infection is common among individuals with HIV/AIDS, especially regarding those who are intravenous drug users (IDUs) because these individuals often share contaminated drug injecting paraphernalia such as needles/syringes [1,2].Worldwide, there are 240 million people chronically infected with HBV, 130–150 million chronicHCV cases, and 35 million people living with HIV/AIDS [3,4,5]
This study aims to investigate the seroprevalence of HIV infection in hepatitis B- and C-infected individuals referred to the Viral Hepatitis Ambulatory of the Oswaldo Cruz Institute Oswaldo Cruz
Most of the individuals were more than 37 years old, with a predominance of males (58.7%) and females (63.6%) among HBV individuals and HCV individuals, respectively

Summary

Introduction

Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), hepatitis B virus (HBV), and hepatitis C virus (HCV) are major public health issues and share parenteral, sexual, and vertical routes as modes of transmission.HBV or HCV infection is common among individuals with HIV/AIDS, especially regarding those who are intravenous drug users (IDUs) because these individuals often share contaminated drug injecting paraphernalia such as needles/syringes [1,2].Worldwide, there are 240 million people chronically infected with HBV, 130–150 million chronicHCV cases, and 35 million people living with HIV/AIDS [3,4,5]. Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), hepatitis B virus (HBV), and hepatitis C virus (HCV) are major public health issues and share parenteral, sexual, and vertical routes as modes of transmission. HBV or HCV infection is common among individuals with HIV/AIDS, especially regarding those who are intravenous drug users (IDUs) because these individuals often share contaminated drug injecting paraphernalia such as needles/syringes [1,2]. There are 240 million people chronically infected with HBV, 130–150 million chronic. HCV cases, and 35 million people living with HIV/AIDS [3,4,5]. In Latin America, 1.5 million children and adults live with HIV [6], 7–12 million individuals are infected with HBV, and 7–9 million adults. Res. Public Health 2016, 13, 314; doi:10.3390/ijerph13030314 www.mdpi.com/journal/ijerph

Objectives

Methods

Results

Conclusion