Abstract
This research tests certain hypotheses derived from Chafetz, Blumberg, and world system theories regarding the distribution of women in elite occupations. A cross‐national research design was employed to test the ability of six macrostructural and two demographic characteristics to estimate the proportion of women in professional and managerial occupations in 57 nations. Each of the two indicators of women in elite occupations was entered in a multiple regression equation that includes as independent variables sex ratio, fertility rate, indicators of internal economic development and external economic structure, and female labor force participation rates. The variables that show consistent effects for women's proportion of elite occupations are the sex ratio, two indicators of internal economic structure (percentage of the workforce in manufacturing and electric kilowatt hours consumed per capita) and one indicator of external structure (foreign investments). The findings extend the understanding of how nations’ macrostructural characteristics influence women's work opportunities and of the difficulties operationalizing abstract concepts of elegant gender theories.
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