A cross-cultural examination of the backchannel behavior of Japanese and Americans: Considerations for Japanese EFL learners

Abstract

Listenership (consisting of backchannel feedback) and its e�耀 ect on intercultural communication were investigated in 30 dyadic conversations in English between Japanese and American participants. The �耀 ndings of this study demonstrate several di�耀 erences in how members of each culture used back- channels in terms of frequency, variability, placement, and function. This study also found evidence supporting the hypothesis that backchannel conventions that are not shared between cultures contribute to negative perceptions across cultures. Thus, the �耀 ndings of this study support the conclusion that listenership warrants more attention in EFL classes in Japan. Further, toward creating a peda- gogical framework, this study also provides EFL professionals with a comprehen- sive account of the listenership of Japanese EFL speakers. Finally, this study also o�耀 ers potential insights into the linguistic variation of native English speakers. That is, the negative perceptions that the American native English speakers re- ported of their Japanese EFL speaking interlocutors' listener responses in this study were not as pronounced as those reported by the British native English speakers in a previous study conducted by the same researcher.