Abstract
In August 2017, an increased incidence of Salmonella Bareilly was detected in the Czech Republic. An investigation was conducted with Slovakia to confirm the outbreak and identify the source. Probable outbreak cases were defined as cases with laboratory-confirmed S. Bareilly reported in either of the national surveillance systems, and/or the Czech and Slovak National Reference Laboratory databases from July 2017. Confirmed cases had the pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) outbreak pulsotype or up to 5 alleles difference from outbreak cluster members by core genome multilocus sequence typing (cgMLST). PFGE and whole genome sequencing were used for isolate comparison. The same trawling questionnaire was used in both countries. By the end of October 2018, 325 cases were identified. Among 88 human S. Bareilly isolates analysed by PFGE, 82 (93%) shared an identical pulsotype; cgMLST of 17 S. Bareilly human isolates showed 1–2 allele difference. The trawling questionnaire excluded consumption of unusual or imported foods. In September 2018, an isolate closely related to the outbreak isolates was identified in a powdered egg product. A spray dryer was recognised as the contamination source and the production plant was closed. Using molecular typing methods, we detected a diffuse cross-border outbreak caused by S. Bareilly.
Highlights
Salmonella spp. are the third most common cause of bacterial food-borne illnesses worldwide [1] and the second most commonly reported zoonotic agents in the European Union (EU) [2]
Across 28 states and the District of Columbia, tuna scrape imported from India was identified to be the source using whole genome sequencing (WGS)-based methods [7]
A confirmed case was defined as a probable case with the pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) outbreak pulsotype or a probable case with up to 5 alleles of difference from the outbreak cluster members by core genome multilocus sequence typing (cgMLST) [14], in either the Czech Republic or Slovakia
Summary
Salmonella spp. are the third most common cause of bacterial food-borne illnesses worldwide [1] and the second most commonly reported zoonotic agents in the European Union (EU) [2]. More than 2,500 serotypes of Salmonella enterica have been identified so far [3], many of them commonly infecting animals (e.g. poultry, pigs, cattle) and humans. Bareilly) belongs to the C1 serogroup (antigenic formula 6, 7, 14: y: 1,5) and was first identified in India in 1928 [5]. Human cases identified between 2005 and 2009 were attributed to travel from India [6]. Outbreak in the UK in 2010, with total of 231 cases [6]. In an outbreak of salmonellosis in the United States, which comprised 410 cases of S. Across 28 states and the District of Columbia, tuna scrape imported from India was identified to be the source using whole genome sequencing (WGS)-based methods [7]
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