Abstract
Coastal Zone is an area where ocean, land, and environment interact with one another; therefore, it is lively and varied in nature. The coastal zones in Bangladesh is being frequently attacked by cyclones, storm surge, sea level rise, which have affected terribly this low lying coastal zone. The multifaceted coastal zone prerequisites all-inclusive integrated approaches to manage. This study aims to identify the background of the socio-economic problems of the people of coastal zone particularly in the eastern belt. It also discusses the various problems along the coastal areas, and the rationality of coastal governance and management for sustainable development, framework for solving the coastal issues in the eastern zone, climate change and environmental impacts, and policy recommendations for coastal development and management so as to adapt climate change vulnerability (Ahmad, 2019). However, no socio-economic development policy has been taken so far for the coastal people who are the extreme victims of the climate change, natural calamities, typhoons and torpedoes. This study has been done on the basis of both primary and secondary sources of data. The authors of this research have exchanged views with the people living in the eastern coastal belt of Bangladesh to know about the socio-economic condition.
Highlights
Coastal zone can be a great source of trade and investment and establishment of land and river ports
This study aims to identify the background of the socio-economic problems of the people of coastal zone in the eastern belt
We can say that the eastern coastal region of Bangladesh is a diversified and vulnerable area
Summary
Coastal zone can be a great source of trade and investment and establishment of land and river ports. Coastal Zone of Bangladesh needs an integrated management strategy to ensure a common collaboration among the different coastal communities, policy, and socioeconomic opportunities to attain viable development in the coastal areas. A 1 m increase in the sea level would sink 18% of the total land areas in Bangladesh (Minar, 2013 & Ahmad, 2019). The western coastal zone is vulnerable to surge flooding due to its lowlying land and very poor defense against surge waves (Karim, 2008). A GIS based study shows that, a total of 1183 km of land has been eroded between 1995 and 2005, and 1194 km from 2005 to 2015 around the central part of Bangladesh coastal zone. Most important corrosions occurred in the areas of Meghna bay, and beside the coasts of main isles such as the eastern coastal area of Bhola, the northern coastal area of Hatiya, and the south-western coastal area of Sandwip (Ahmed, 2018)
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