Abstract
Fluoride is a persistent and non-biodegradable pollutant that accumulates in soil, plants, wildlife and in human beings. Therefore, knowledge of its removal, using best technique with optimum efficiency is needed. The present survey highlights on efficacy of different materials for the removal of fluoride from water. The most important results of extensive studies on various key factors (pH, agitation time, initial fluoride concentration, temperature, particle size, surface area, presence and nature of counter ions and solvent dose) fluctuate fluoride removal capacity of materials are reviewed.
Highlights
The chemical nature of water is one of the most imperative criteria that determine its usefulness for a precise need and as such not all the waters are fit for drinking and potable purposes
Batch absorption studies were performed for this experiment and the results revealed that bioadsorbent demonstrated the ability to absorb fluoride from water
The following conclusions have been made on the basis of literature review:
Summary
The chemical nature of water is one of the most imperative criteria that determine its usefulness for a precise need and as such not all the waters are fit for drinking and potable purposes. The natural stilbite zeolite modified with Fe(III) used as adsorbent for the removal of excess fluoride from the drinking water [47] It was studied from the batch adsorption studies that fluoride concentration can be reduced down to the very low level of 1 mg/L under the optimum conditions. Granular activated carbon was coated with manganese oxides and used for fluoride removal from water and showed maximum adsorption capacity [92]. The maximum adsorption of fluoride took place at pH 6.9 but in the acidic medium, less adsorption took place due to the formation of weakly ionised hydrofluoric acid Another adsorbent i.e. hydrated cement [111] and hardened alumina cement granules [112] for fluoride removal from aqueous solution was observed.
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