A critical review to bridge the gaps between carbon capture, storage and use of CaCO3

Abstract

• The captured CO 2 can be reacted with calcium-rich wastes and brine to produce useful CaCO 3 . • Dry carbonation involves solid-gas interaction with limited access to inner calcium content. • Wet carbonation allows high purity to be achieved using extracting agent. • The particle size and polymorphs are affected by pressure, pH, time, absorbent, and additives. • Hydrophilic CaCO 3 can be hydrophobically modified to expand its uses. Carbon capture, utilisation, and storage (CCUS) is a new strategy to combat climate change. CO 2 sequestration using calcium-rich wastes has been extensively studied since calcium carbonate (CaCO 3 ) can be produced for various. In this review, the gaps between carbon capture technologies and carbonation are thoroughly discussed. Direct carbonation which involves the carbonation of calcium rich particles using CO 2 should be integrated with adsorption, membrane gas separation and cryogenic separation. Wet carbonation should be integrated with absorption and further adjusted to control the particle size and polymorphs. Among the polymorphs, amorphous CaCO 3 nanoparticles have drawn great attention due to their large surface area. The modification of CaCO 3 was then reviewed for increasing demand of hydrophobic CaCO 3 . There are technical gaps exist in CCUS using CaCO 3 , but the current scientific studies proposed some practical strategies for its implementation at large scale with economic feasibility. Membrane technology and alternative absorbent can enhance gas absorption to meet the requirement of wet carbonation for process integration. The economy potential of CaCO 3 should be elevated through particle size reduction, surface area enlargement and chemical functionalisation.