Abstract
Coal-fired heating is the main method of heating in China, causing serious air pollution and large amounts of CO2 emissions. Decarbonizing heating is important to reduce carbon emissions, and choosing a suitable heating technical scheme is conducive to the early realization of carbon neutrality in China. Coal to gas and coal to electricity transformation projects were carried out in 2017 and achieved remarkable effects. This study compares the current domestic and international clean heating modes, where gas heating, electric heating, heat hump heating, biomass heating, and solar heating coupling system are taken into account. The heating technology potential and heating support aspects, including the industrial sector, building sector, carbon capture and storage (CCS) technology, and publicity are explored as well. Regarding the actual situation in China, a comparative analysis is also conducted on the different types of heat pumps, and then an optimal heating scheme for urban and rural areas is proposed. It is suggested that the urban area with centralized heating can install ground source heat pumps, and the rural area with distributed heating can apply a coupling system of solar photovoltaics to ground source heat pumps (PV-GSHP). Based on current policies and standards support, this study calculates the carbon emissions of this scheme in 2030 and provides a detailed analysis of relevant parameters. The feasibility and superiority of the scheme are confirmed by comparison and discussion with other studies. Moreover, specific measures in planning, subsidy, construction, and electricity are proposed to implement the heating scheme. This study provides a reference for the mode selection and technical scheme of heating decarbonation in China, and that could be also considered in other regions or countries.
Highlights
China’s rapid economic growth is accompanied by massive consumption of fossil fuels, posing a serious threat to human health and global warming
In the scenario design of using heat pumps for heating proposed in this study, the impact of these two factors on rural heating is considered together and carbon emissions are calculated to support the feasibility of the heating scheme
This study systematically analyzes the heating transformation progress of coal to gas and coal to electricity in China, compares and evaluates the current common clean heating modes at home and abroad, and analyzes the industrial and building sectors, carbon capture and storage (CCS) technologies, policies, and publicity related to low carbon heating
Summary
China’s rapid economic growth is accompanied by massive consumption of fossil fuels, posing a serious threat to human health and global warming. As the world’s largest coal consumer and carbon emitter, China is responsible for 10% of emissions [1]. In 2015, China agreed to the Paris Agreement and declared achieving the carbon emissions peak by 2030 and carbon neutrality by 2060 [2]. During the 13th Five-Year Plan period, building a clean energy society and protecting the ecological environment became China’s national strategy [3]. Coal-fired heating is the main method of winter heating in China. China consumed a total of approximately 400 million tons of coal for heating in 2016, a value that accounts for 83% of the total residential heat demand in urban and rural areas [4]. In the 1950s, the central government published the winter heating policy in which centralized heating was used in cities north of the Qinling-Huaihe
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