A critical review on control mechanisms, supporting measures, and monitoring systems of microgrids considering large scale integration of renewable energy sources

Abstract

The numerous obstacles to large-scale integration of renewable energy sources (RESs) and the mitigating steps that need to be taken to overcome them in smart grid technology implementation are extensively discussed in this review article. Main focus is given on the control techniques in Microgrids, different supporting measures such as electric vehicles (EVs), energy storage systems (ESSs), and the monitoring techniques of Microgrid considering large scale renewable energy integration. The absence of physical factors like reactive power and frequency makes the DC microgrid less difficult than the AC microgrid. A comparison of the characteristics of centralized, decentralized, and distributed control arrangements reveals that the microgrid central controller (MGCC) bears the majority of the computational load and the cost of computation in centralized control, whereas local controllers (LCs) bear the least of the load and the cost of computation in completely decentralized control. Centralized and decentralized control also have less difficult implementations than distributed control, which has more complexity. Due to a number of challenges that are discussed in this article, the EV scenario in Bangladesh is rather challenging. The transportation sector has chosen vehicle to grid (V2G) approaches over other technologies due to a number of its advantages. In the event that a home energy storage system and an emergency backup storage system are required, V2G can reduce the cost of EVs and be modified for the local community. An autonomous power generation and distribution system is the main emphasis of a smart micro grid in this age, and internet of things (IoT) is utilized in various applications, such as micro grids, intelligent buildings, and intelligent control devices, for monitoring and tracking crucial data. Based on the topics that are presented in this article, it clearly demonstrates the state-of-the-art research in the area in question.