Abstract

Benzophenone-3 (BP-3), fipronil (FIP) and propylparaben (PPB), are chemical compounds classified as contaminants of emerging concern (CEC) and known as refractory to natural biological degradation and conventional water treatments. Their occurrence in aqueous matrices is threatening to ecosystems, making it necessary to implement efficient technologies for their elimination from these matrices. Advanced oxidation processes (AOPs) have been suggested as complementary tertiary treatments in municipal wastewater treatment plants aiming at CEC degradation. This review provides a timely overview of different AOPs reported for BP-3, FIP and PPB degradation to give a complete picture of current knowledge regarding their removal from aqueous matrices. Recent progresses on circumventing negative effects of operational parameters were also surveyed and contrasted. The involvement of Green Chemistry (more exactly, Sustainable Chemistry) practices in these processes, evidenced by the use of red mud for persulfate activation, is an important step forward. However, low degradation rates (~48 %) achieved in real matrices continue to be a challenge for AOPs performance in real scale. In addition, published studies point out to successful degradation of target-CEC with the formation of less toxic transformation products for BP-3 and PPB. Finally, the current status of these processes regarding new developments and applications of AOPs is presented along with merits and limitations.

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