Abstract
Combined heat and power (CHP) systems are attracting increasing attention for their ability to improve the economics and sustainability of the electricity system. Determining how to best operate these systems is difficult because they can consist of many generating units whose operation is governed by complex nonlinear physics. Mathematical programming is a useful tool to support the operation of CHP systems, and has been the subject of substantial research attention since the early 1990s. This paper critically reviews the modeling and optimization work that has been done on the CHP economic dispatch problem, and the CHP economic and emission dispatch problem. A summary of the common models used for these problems is provided, along with comments on future modeling work that would beneficial to the field. The majority of optimization approaches studied for CHP system operation are metaheuristic algorithms. A discussion of the limitations and benefits of metaheuristic algorithms is given. Finally, a case study optimizing five classic CHP system test instances demonstrates the advantages of the using deterministic global search algorithms over metaheuristic search algorithms.
Highlights
IntroductionConventional centralized power generation using fossil fuels is highly inefficient due to the accumulation of losses from the power plant to the end user
The climate change crisis has created the need for the rapid penetration of renewable energy sources into the electricity grid, but with 64.5% of global electricity production being fueled by fossil fuels in 2017, up from 63.1% in 1990, the global adoption of renewables is not occurring rapidly enough to offset the increased reliance on fossil fuels
Are the models introduced in the 1990s still valid for Combined heat and power (CHP) systems today, and are the most appropriate
Summary
Conventional centralized power generation using fossil fuels is highly inefficient due to the accumulation of losses from the power plant to the end user. The average net thermal efficiency of natural gas, coal, and petroleum power plants in the US for 2018 were 43.6%, 32.5%, and 30.8%, respectively [1]. Once the electricity is generated at the power plant it still needs to be transmitted and distributed to the end users, resulting in an estimated loss of 5% of all electricity delivered [3]. By all indications fossils fuels will play a major role in global electricity production for decades [5]. Economically viable methods to reduce the environmental damage caused by fossil fuel electricity production are needed to ease the transition towards a sustainable global electricity system
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