Abstract
With the change of people’s living habits, bone trauma has become a common clinical disease. A large number of bone joint replacements is performed every year around the world. Bone joint replacement is a major approach for restoring the functionalities of human joints caused by bone traumas or some chronic bone diseases. However, the current bone joint replacement products still cannot meet the increasing demands and there is still room to increase the performance of the current products. The structural design of the implant is crucial because the performance of the implant relies heavily on its geometry and microarchitecture. Bionic design learning from the natural structure is widely used. With the progress of technology, machine learning can be used to optimize the structure of bone implants, which may become the focus of research in the future. In addition, the optimization of the microstructure of bone implants also has an important impact on its performance. The widely used design algorithm for the optimization of bone joint replacements is reviewed in the present study. Regarding the manufacturing of the implant, the emerging additive manufacturing technique provides more room for the design of complex microstructures. The additive manufacturing technique has enabled the production of bone joint replacements with more complex internal structures, which makes the design process more convenient. Numerical modeling plays an important role in the evaluation of the performance of an implant. For example, theoretical and numerical analysis can be carried out by establishing a musculoskeletal model to prepare for the practical use of bone implants. Besides, the in vitro and in vivo testing can provide mechanical properties of bone implants that are more in line with the implant recipient’s situation. In the present study, the progress of the design, manufacture, and evaluation of the orthopedic implant, especially the joint replacement, is critically reviewed.
Highlights
Bone trauma is a serious disease affecting the whole population worldwide
The results showed that the equalization of the strain energy density on the trabecular bone surface minimizes the strain energy on the whole structure of the bone, which proved that the remodeling process which leads to the formation of the structure with the highest stiffness is the correct model to use
The results showed that the auxetic bone screws composed of re-entrant structures and chiral structures possessed higher tensile stiffness and strength
Summary
In many instances of bone trauma, especially those occurring in elderly people, bone joint replacement surgery has to be performed Among these surgeries, hip and knee joint replacements are very common. Patients suffering from joint pain and undergoing total joint arthroplasties, including total hip arthroplasties (THA), are getting younger and younger [2] Due to these high demands, many different bone joint replacement products have been designed and relevant worldwide companies have become well established, e.g., DePuy, Johnson & Johnson, Smith & Nephew. Manufacture, and evaluation are three important aspects of bone joint replacement. In the present study, a critical review of the design, manufacture, and performance evaluation of bone joint replacements is provided to advance further developments in this field
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