Abstract
Resilience as a concept is multi-faceted with complex dimensions. In a disaster context, there is lack of consistency in conceptualizing social resilience. This results in ambiguity of its definition, properties, and pathways for assessment. A number of key research gaps exist for critically reviewing social resilience conceptualization, projecting resilience properties in a disaster-development continuum, and delineating a resilience trajectory in a multiple disaster timeline. This review addressed these research gaps by critically reviewing social resilience definitions, properties, and pathways. The review found four variations in social resilience definitions, which recognize the importance of abilities of social systems and processes in disaster phases at different levels. A review of resilience properties and pathways in the disaster resilience literature suggested new resilience properties—“risk-sensitivity” and “regenerative” in the timeline of two consecutive disasters. This review highlights a causal pathway for social resilience to better understand the resilience status in a multi-shock scenario by depicting inherent and adaptive resilience for consecutive disaster scenarios and a historical case study for a resilience trajectory in a multiple disaster timeline. The review findings will assist disaster management policymakers and practitioners to formulate appropriate resilience enhancement strategies within a holistic framework in a multi-disaster timeline.
Highlights
As a result of the large number of devastating disaster events across the world in the last two decades (Cox and Hamlen 2015), global interest and emphasis on the resilience capabilities of communities to disasters have increased (Aldunce et al 2015)
A number of key research gaps exist for critically reviewing social resilience conceptualization, projecting resilience properties in a disaster-development continuum, and delineating a resilience trajectory in a multiple disaster timeline
This review addressed these research gaps by critically reviewing social resilience definitions, properties, and pathways
Summary
As a result of the large number of devastating disaster events across the world in the last two decades (Cox and Hamlen 2015), global interest and emphasis on the resilience capabilities of communities to disasters have increased (Aldunce et al 2015). The resilience concept is not new, and has been applied across many diverse disciplines, including ecology, biology, socialecological systems, social science, and psychology, over the past decades (Norris et al 2008; Ainuddin and Routray 2012; Quinlan et al 2015; McMillen et al 2016). As recent studies have increasingly focused on social resilience, this article aims to critically review existent literature on social resilience definitions, properties, and pathways to advance the concept of social resilience in the context of natural hazards and disasters. A critical analysis of existing social resilience properties and resilience pathways between two disaster events is presented in this article, which will contribute to integrating past learnings and future planning in building social resilience to disasters
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