A critical review of comparative global historical energy consumption and future demand: The story told so far

Abstract

This review presents a critical combined energy analysis of demand in developed/developing countries, including the load requirements of the various business sectors. It summarizes on-demand time-series, energy supply, overall trade in gas, oil, electricity, coal, and renewable energy (e.g., wind, solar, geothermal, tidal, etc.) as well as global carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions. The duration of the review is selected between the energy supply and demand forecast from 1990 to 2040. Multi-energy approaches include primary energy generation, consumption, gross domestic product (GDP) energy intensity, the total trade balance of crude oil production, production of natural gas, trade balance and use of natural gas, production of lignite and coal, demand for trade in lignite and coal, generation and use of electricity, the share of renewables in power generation, total percentage of solar energy. Geographic coverage covered the global energy demand of the Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD), the group of seven (G7), Brazil, Russia, India, China, and South Africa (BRICS), European Union, Europe, North America, Commonwealth of Independent States (CIS), Asia, Latin America, Pacific, Middle-East and Africa. Market individuals and cooperative policymakers communicate in a variety of ways: our review and its impact on energy trade, social development, economic and climate change, which is then presented in a deeper way, in the future energy outlook. The findings of the review make it clear that there is a great deal of future global energy demand until 2040 in different situations: new aspects of policymaking, the requirement is about 15% lower in the 450-scenario, and 10% higher in the current energy policy scenario.