Abstract
Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is one of the most frequent, complex, and heterogeneous hematological malignancies. AML prognosis largely depends on acquired cytogenetic, epigenetic, and molecular abnormalities. Despite the improvement in understanding the biology of AML, survival rates remain quite low. Animal models offer a valuable tool to recapitulate different AML subtypes, and to assess the potential role of novel and known mutations in disease progression. This review provides a comprehensive and critical overview of select available AML animal models. These include the non-mammalian Zebrafish and Drosophila models as well as the mammalian rodent systems, comprising rats and mice. The suitability of each animal model, its contribution to the advancement of knowledge in AML pathophysiology and treatment, as well as its advantages and limitations are discussed. Despite some limitations, animal models represent a powerful approach to assess toxicity, and permit the design of new therapeutic strategies.
Highlights
Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is an aggressive and heterogeneous hematological group of neoplasms characterized by increased proliferation of myeloid progenitor cells and a reduced capacity to differentiate
Overexpression of the transcription factor reversed the observed phenotypes, implicating scl, as major player downstream of AML1-Eight-Twenty One oncoprotein (ETO) [36]. This model enabled the screening of a small molecule library and discovery of compounds that antagonize the activity of AML1-ETO in the hematopoietic progenitor cells (HPCs) [36]
It resulted in impaired myeloid differentiation that could be reversed through inhibition of the cAMP response element binding protein (CREB)-C/EBPδ axis
Summary
Hala Skayneh 1,† , Batoul Jishi 2,† , Rita Hleihel 3 , Maguy Hamieh 1,3 , Nadine Darwiche 4 , Ali Bazarbachi 2,3 , Marwan El Sabban 2, *,‡ and Hiba El Hajj 1,3, *,‡. H.E.H and M.E.S contributed to this study
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