Abstract
Techniques for the three-dimensional digitization of tangible heritage are continuously updated, as regards active and passive sensors, data acquisition approaches, implemented algorithms and employed computational systems. These developments enable higher automation and processing velocities, increased accuracy, and precision for digitizing heritage assets. For large-scale applications, as for investigations on ancient remains, heritage objects, or architectural details, scanning and image-based modeling approaches have prevailed, due to reduced costs and processing durations, fast acquisition, and the reproducibility of workflows. This paper presents an updated metric comparison of common heritage digitization approaches, providing a thorough examination of sensors, capturing workflows, processing parameters involved, metric and radiometric results produced. A variety of photogrammetric software were evaluated (both commercial and open sourced), as well as photo-capturing equipment of various characteristics and prices, and scanners employing different technologies. The experimentations were performed on case studies of different geometrical and surface characteristics to thoroughly assess the implemented three-dimensional modeling pipelines.
Highlights
The importance attributed by the scientific community to documenting heritage objects is causally related to the needs for protection, conservation, and valorization
The presented research carried out a selective comparison on state‐of‐the‐art state-of-the-art SfM and multi-view stereo (MVS) image‐based image-based modeling solutions of different costs, and on portable scanners for the digitization expected, challenges occur from the the different na‐
Objects.AsAs expected, challenges occur from different ture of of heritage objects, with nature heritage objects, withgeometry, geometry,surface surfacefeatures, features,and and texture texture playing important roles in the decision making for acquisition and processing workflows
Summary
The importance attributed by the scientific community to documenting heritage objects is causally related to the needs for protection, conservation, and valorization. For metric assessments to be performed for any 3D digitization technique, two out of these three parameters must remain constant In this context, the presented research aims to provide a comprehensive comparison on different SfM-based photogrammetric, and scanning workflows for small-sized heritage objects’ digitization, by keeping constant most of the essential parameters of the data acquisition procedures and by altering the passive or active sensors utilized or the software involved in the image-based modeling approaches implemented. The last section is devoted to offering some concluding remarks and research aims for further investigation It should be highlighted, that in the presented research, significant importance is attributed to the metric comparison and visual assessment of the 3D reconstruction results, and to the prices of the sensors and software and to the durations.
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