Abstract
Ferulic acid (4-hydroxy-3-methoxy cinnamic acid) is a common phenolic acid in the plant kingdom and an important component of Chinese medicine herbs like Angelica Sinensis, Cimicifuga heracleifolia, and Lignsticum chuanxiong. Ferulic acid rarely occurs in a free state in plants and is typically conjugated with mono- and oligosaccharides, polyamines, lipids, and polysaccharides. Ferulic acid is essential for the synthesis of significant chemical molecules such as coniferyl alcohol, vanillin, synaptic, di ferulic acid, and curcumin as well as for giving the cell wall stiffness. It serves as a precursor to vanillin, amongst the most significant aromatic flavourings found in foods, drinks, medicines, and fragrances. Ferulic acid is now a prime choice of phytochemicals which is used in combination with different anti-depressants and hepatoprotective drugs for enhancing activity. This novel molecule suffers from poor biopharmaceutical properties such as poor solubility and erratic bioavailability which hinders its therapeutic efficacy. The current review highlights the most recent research on ferulic acid, as well as its metabolism profile and issues related to its biopharmaceutical delivery. This review also focused on different nano-formulations reported along with the patent survey.
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