Abstract
IN investigations of natural phenomena the question may arise whether cyclic variations which appear in a series of s experimental (or observational) quantities a1 a2 a3... a8 are real or not. Let k be the number of extrema in this series, where by extremum is meant such a quantity am which is. either greater or smaller than both its neighbours, am–1 and am+1. If in the above series long sequences of increasing values alternate with long sequences of decreasing values (that is, if k is very small in comparison with s), the existence of cyclic variations is obvious, and no criterion for their reality is needed. But if these sequences are not very long, such a criterion may be useful; for it seems possible that in a series of quantities distributed at random short sequences of increasing or decreasing values will be found.
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