Abstract
This article seeks to trace the evolution of criminal theories produced by the Italian School of Criminology founded in the nineteenth century, their institutionalization, and impact among the Brazilian intellectuals to have developed police institutions. A particular emphasis is placed on appropriations of the work of Cesare Lombroso and other schools of thought on criminology, as well as their relations with medical discourse. These theories were welcomed into Brazilian social thought, especially among prosecutors and public security officials concerned with maintaining social control, and that ended up stigmatizing the poor, to be socially marginalized. This affected the approach adopted by the police, highlighting factors such as a person’s skin color, income, place of residence and way of dressing, emphasizing social stigmas and consolidating the premise of generalized suspicion of poor individuals.
Highlights
La criminología y la policía en Brasil a comienzos del siglo XX Resumen Este artículo busca presentar la evolución de las teorías criminales provenientes de la Escuela italiana de criminología – que apareció en el siglo XIX, su institucionalización y el impacto que tuvieron sobre los intelectuales brasileños que idearon las instituciones policiales del país
Criminology and Police in Brazil at the turn of the twentieth century Abstract This article seeks to trace the evolution of criminal theories produced by the Italian School of Criminology founded in the nineteenth century, their institutionalization, and impact among the Brazilian intellectuals to have developed police institutions
A particular emphasis is placed on appropriations of the work of Cesare Lombroso and other schools of thought on criminology, as well as their relations with medical discourse
Summary
La criminología y la policía en Brasil a comienzos del siglo XX Resumen Este artículo busca presentar la evolución de las teorías criminales provenientes de la Escuela italiana de criminología – que apareció en el siglo XIX –, su institucionalización y el impacto que tuvieron sobre los intelectuales brasileños que idearon las instituciones policiales del país. Se na Europa as críticas e o retumbante fracasso das teorias criminais propugnadas pela Criminologia italiana estimularam o estudo do crime para o avanço na coleta, sistematização e análise dos dados estatísticos, no Brasil, sobre outra premissa que não a biológica: A Criminologia mostrou-se claramente esse saber destinado ao poder, muito mais voltado para o desenvolvimento das técnicas de identificação criminal e outros mecanismos de controle social e para a estigmatização de setores da população ainda hoje considerados como potencialmente perigosos.[25]
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