A cradle-to-grave assessment of carbon and energy footprints of ships using synthetic fuel for net-zeros operations

Abstract

PurposeAchieving net-zero emissions in the maritime sector requires adopting carbon-neutral practices in terms of shipbuilding, operation and recycling. However, research integrating life cycle and energy analysis is missing to inform decision-makers. MethodConsequently, the paper presents models combining a model-based life cycle assessment (MBLCA) and ship energy simulations to examine the footprints of a generic New Panamax Containership (DTC). Analyses were conducted to assess the energy and carbon effects of using synthetic methanol as marine fuel. ResultsThe life-cycle analysis confirms the overwhelming prevalence of operations in the total greenhouse gases emission during the ship's lifetime. The analysis highlights the potential of carbon savings if the vessel consumes methanol produced from neutral energy and renewable carbon sources. However, the magnitude of shipping fuel requirements may profoundly impact energy infrastructures while still requiring large volumes of carbon offset credits. ConclusionThe paper confirms the usefulness of integrating life-cycle analysis and energy modelling to discuss future energy scenarios. The completeness of the models also allows for future research analysing other energy solutions.